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python遍历指定城市的一周气温的方法解析

Y2J原创: 2017-04-28 09:17:361489浏览
本文主要介绍了使用python遍历指定城市的一周气温的实现方法。具有很好的参考价值，下面跟着小编一起来看下吧
处于兴趣，写了一个遍历指定城市五天内的天气预报，并转为华氏度显示。
把城市名字写到一个列表里这样可以方便的添加城市。并附有详细注释
import requests
import json
#定义一个函数 避免代码重写多次。
def gettemp(week,d_or_n,date):
 wendu=data[&#39;result&#39;][&#39;weather&#39;][week][&#39;info&#39;][d_or_n][date] #对字典进行拆分
 return int(wendu)

def getft(t):
 ft=t*1.8+32
 return float(str(ft)[0:4])

cities=[&#39;保定&#39;,&#39;北京&#39;,&#39;上海&#39;,&#39;武汉&#39;,&#39;郑州&#39;,&#39;齐齐哈尔&#39;] #这里可以指定想要遍历的城市
url=&#39;http://api.avatardata.cn/Weather/Query?key=68e75677978441f6872c1106175b8673&cityname=&#39; #用于和cities里的城市进行字符串拼接
low=0
high=2
for city in cities:
 r = requests.get(url+city) # 最基本的GET请求
 #print(r.status_code)  获取返回状态200是成功
 #print(r.text) 打印解码后的返回数据
 data=json.loads(r.text) #返回的json数据被转换为字典类型
 #print(type(data)) data 的数据类型是字典 所以可以按照字典操作（字典里的列表就按列表操作）
 print(city,&#39;近五天天气预报：&#39;)
 for i in range(5):
  week=&#39;周&#39;+str(data[&#39;result&#39;][&#39;weather&#39;][i][&#39;week&#39;]) #对字典类型进行逐个拆分 如列表 元组等。
  daylow=gettemp(i,&#39;day&#39;,low)
  dlf=getft(daylow)
  dayhigh=gettemp(i,&#39;day&#39;,high)
  dhf=getft(dayhigh)
  nightlow=gettemp(i,&#39;night&#39;,low)
  nlf=getft(nightlow)
  nighthigh=gettemp(i,&#39;night&#39;,high)
  nhf=getft(nighthigh)
  print(week,&#39;白天气温:&#39;,daylow,&#39;~&#39;,dayhigh,&#39;摄氏度&#39;,&#39;晚上气温:&#39;,nightlow,&#39;~&#39;,nighthigh,&#39;摄氏度&#39;)
  print(&#39; &#39;,&#39;白天气温:&#39;,dlf,&#39;~&#39;,dhf,&#39;华氏度&#39;,&#39;晚上气温:&#39;,nlf,&#39;~&#39;,nhf,&#39;华氏度&#39;)
 print(&#39;\n&#39;)

{"result":{"realtime":{"wind":{"windspeed":null,"direct":"西风","power":"3级","offset":null},"time":"16:00:00","weather":{"humidity":"27","img":"0","info":"晴","temperature":"13"},"dataUptime":"1490517362","date":"2017-03-26","city_code":"101090201","city_name":"保定","week":"0","moon":"二月廿九"},"life":{"date":"2017-3-26","info":{"kongtiao":["开启制暖空调","您将感到有些冷，可以适当开启制暖空调调节室内温度，以免着凉感冒。"],"yundong":["较适宜","天气较好，但考虑风力较强且气温较低，推荐您进行室内运动，若在户外运动注意防风并适当增减衣物。"],"ziwaixian":["中等","属中等强度紫外线辐射天气，外出时建议涂擦SPF高于15、PA+的防晒护肤品，戴帽子、太阳镜。"],"ganmao":["较易发","昼夜温差较大，较易发生感冒，请适当增减衣服。体质较弱的朋友请注意防护。"],"xiche":["较适宜","较适宜洗车，未来一天无雨，风力较小，擦洗一新的汽车至少能保持一天。"],"wuran":null,"chuanyi":["冷","天气冷，建议着棉服、羽绒服、皮夹克加羊毛衫等冬季服装。年老体弱者宜着厚棉衣、冬大衣或厚羽绒服。"]}},"weather":[{"date":"2017-03-26","week":"日","nongli":"二月廿九","info":{"dawn":null,"day":["0","晴","17","西北风","3-4 级","06:12"],"night":["0","晴","2","西南风","微风","18:36"]}},{"date":"2017-03-27","week":"一","nongli":"二月三十","info":{"dawn":["0","晴","2","西南风","微风","18:36"],"day":["0","晴","15","南风","微风","06:11"],"night":["7","小雨","3","南风","微风","18:37"]}},{"date":"2017-03-28","week":"二","nongli":"三月初一","info":{"dawn":["7","小雨","3","南风","微风","18:37"],"day":["1","多云","15","南风","微风","06:09"],"night":["0","晴","3","南风","微风","18:38"]}},{"date":"2017-03-29","week":"三","nongli":"三月初二","info":{"dawn":["0","晴","3","南风","微风","18:38"],"day":["0","晴","18","南风","微风","06:08"],"night":["0","晴","3","北风","微风","18:39"]}},{"date":"2017-03-30","week":"四","nongli":"三月初三","info":{"dawn":["0","晴","3","北风","微风","18:39"],"day":["0","晴","17","北风","微风","06:06"],"night":["0","晴","3","北风","微风","18:40"]}}],"pm25":{"key":"Baoding","show_desc":"0","pm25":{"curPm":"34","pm25":"14","pm10":"26","level":"1","quality":"优","des":"空气很好，可以外出活动"},"dateTime":"2017年03月26日16时","cityName":"保定"},"isForeign":0},"error_code":0,"reason":"Succes"}
这是返回的一个json数据，可以通过json格式化工具查看会方便一些，通过json.loads其实都是字典列表的一些嵌套，而想要取的数据 在字典里"result"里， 而data[&#39;result&#39;] 又是一个字典，
{&#39;life&#39;: {&#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-3-26&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;yundong&#39;: [&#39;较适宜&#39;, &#39;天气较好，但考虑风力较强且气温较低，推荐您进行室内运动，若在户外运动注意防风并适当增减衣物。&#39;], &#39;xiche&#39;: [&#39;较适宜&#39;, &#39;较适宜洗车，未来一天无雨，风力较小，擦洗一新的汽车至少能保持一天。&#39;], &#39;ganmao&#39;: [&#39;较易发&#39;, &#39;昼夜温差较大，较易发生感冒，请适当增减衣服。体质较弱的朋友请注意防护。&#39;], &#39;ziwaixian&#39;: [&#39;中等&#39;, &#39;属中等强度紫外线辐射天气，外出时建议涂擦SPF高于15、PA+的防晒护肤品，戴帽子、太阳镜。&#39;], &#39;chuanyi&#39;: [&#39;冷&#39;, &#39;天气冷，建议着棉服、羽绒服、皮夹克加羊毛衫等冬季服装。年老体弱者宜着厚棉衣、冬大衣或厚羽绒服。&#39;], &#39;wuran&#39;: None, &#39;kongtiao&#39;: [&#39;开启制暖空调&#39;, &#39;您将感到有些冷，可以适当开启制暖空调调节室内温度，以免着凉感冒。&#39;]}}, &#39;weather&#39;: [{&#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-26&#39;, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;日&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;dawn&#39;: None, &#39;night&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;2&#39;, &#39;西南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:36&#39;], &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;17&#39;, &#39;西北风&#39;, &#39;3-4 级&#39;, &#39;06:12&#39;]}, &#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;二月廿九&#39;}, {&#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-27&#39;, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;一&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;dawn&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;2&#39;, &#39;西南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:36&#39;], &#39;night&#39;: [&#39;7&#39;, &#39;小雨&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:37&#39;], &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;15&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;06:11&#39;]}, &#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;二月三十&#39;}, {&#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-28&#39;, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;二&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;dawn&#39;: [&#39;7&#39;, &#39;小雨&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:37&#39;], &#39;night&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:38&#39;], &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;1&#39;, &#39;多云&#39;, &#39;15&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;06:09&#39;]}, &#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;三月初一&#39;}, {&#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-29&#39;, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;三&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;dawn&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:38&#39;], &#39;night&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;北风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:39&#39;], &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;18&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;06:08&#39;]}, &#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;三月初二&#39;}, {&#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-30&#39;, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;四&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;dawn&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;北风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:39&#39;], &#39;night&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;北风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:40&#39;], &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;17&#39;, &#39;北风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;06:06&#39;]}, &#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;三月初三&#39;}], &#39;isForeign&#39;: 0, &#39;pm25&#39;: {&#39;pm25&#39;: {&#39;des&#39;: &#39;空气很好，可以外出活动&#39;, &#39;curPm&#39;: &#39;34&#39;, &#39;level&#39;: &#39;1&#39;, &#39;pm10&#39;: &#39;26&#39;, &#39;pm25&#39;: &#39;14&#39;, &#39;quality&#39;: &#39;优&#39;}, &#39;show_desc&#39;: &#39;0&#39;, &#39;key&#39;: &#39;Baoding&#39;, &#39;dateTime&#39;: &#39;2017年03月26日16时&#39;, &#39;cityName&#39;: &#39;保定&#39;}, &#39;realtime&#39;: {&#39;city_name&#39;: &#39;保定&#39;, &#39;weather&#39;: {&#39;info&#39;: &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;img&#39;: &#39;0&#39;, &#39;humidity&#39;: &#39;27&#39;, &#39;temperature&#39;: &#39;13&#39;}, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;0&#39;, &#39;wind&#39;: {&#39;windspeed&#39;: None, &#39;power&#39;: &#39;3级&#39;, &#39;offset&#39;: None, &#39;direct&#39;: &#39;西风&#39;}, &#39;city_code&#39;: &#39;101090201&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-26&#39;, &#39;dataUptime&#39;: &#39;1490517362&#39;, &#39;time&#39;: &#39;16:00:00&#39;, &#39;moon&#39;: &#39;二月廿九&#39;}}
相同的方法取 data[&#39;result&#39;][&#39;weather&#39;] 这又是一个元组，
[{&#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;二月廿九&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;night&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;2&#39;, &#39;西南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:36&#39;], &#39;dawn&#39;: None, &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;17&#39;, &#39;西北风&#39;, &#39;3-4 级&#39;, &#39;06:12&#39;]}, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;日&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-26&#39;}, {&#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;二月三十&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;night&#39;: [&#39;7&#39;, &#39;小雨&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:37&#39;], &#39;dawn&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;2&#39;, &#39;西南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:36&#39;], &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;15&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;06:11&#39;]}, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;一&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-27&#39;}, {&#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;三月初一&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;night&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:38&#39;], &#39;dawn&#39;: [&#39;7&#39;, &#39;小雨&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:37&#39;], &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;1&#39;, &#39;多云&#39;, &#39;15&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;06:09&#39;]}, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;二&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-28&#39;}, {&#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;三月初二&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;night&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;北风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:39&#39;], &#39;dawn&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:38&#39;], &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;18&#39;, &#39;南风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;06:08&#39;]}, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;三&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-29&#39;}, {&#39;nongli&#39;: &#39;三月初三&#39;, &#39;info&#39;: {&#39;night&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;北风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:40&#39;], &#39;dawn&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;北风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;18:39&#39;], &#39;day&#39;: [&#39;0&#39;, &#39;晴&#39;, &#39;17&#39;, &#39;北风&#39;, &#39;微风&#39;, &#39;06:06&#39;]}, &#39;week&#39;: &#39;四&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;2017-03-30&#39;}]
接着取元组里的字典，逐步拆分即可获得想要的数据。
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