详细介绍MySQL之-Centos安装多个mysql数据库的配置实例

Linux操作系统:centOS6.5 64bit(安装了系统默认开发包)

数据库一:
MYSQL版本:mysql-5.0.56
PORT:3306
系统目录:/usr/local/mysql3306
数据库二:
MYSQL版本:mysql-5.1.72
PORT:3307

系统目录:/usr/local/mysql3307

一.安装开发包(使用默认CENTOS更新源):

<pre name="code" class="plain"># yum -y install wget gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake make perl bison openssl 
openssl-devel gcc* libxml2 libxml2-devel curl-devel libjpeg* libpng* freetype*

二.关闭iptables和SELINUX

# service iptables stop
# setenforce 0
# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
---------------
SELINUX=disabled

三.安装mysql数据库实例

1.下载编译包

# su -
# mkdir ~/src
# cd src
# wget http://www.php.cn/
# wget http://www.php.cn/

2.安装前的初始配置工作：

1).创建一个Mysql用户

# useradd mysql

2).新建mysql下data和log子目录

# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/data          
# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/log

3).修改目录的所属者以及所属组权限 

# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/data/
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/log/
# chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/data      
# chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/log

4).创建mysql相关目录并配置权限

# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/etc
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/etc
# mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld{3306,3307}
# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/run/mysqld{3306,3307}
# mkdir -p /var/lib/mysqld{3306,3307}
# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysqld{3306,3307}
# cp /etc/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/etc

3.解包编译安装

编译数据库一:

# cd ~/src
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.56.tar.gz    
# cd mysql-5.0.56  
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql3306 --with-mysqld-user=mysql --sysconfdir=/usr/local/mysql3306/etc  
--localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data --with-tcp-port=3306 -enable-assembler --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static 
--with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=utf-8 -with-extra-charsets=all --with-plugins=csv,innobase,myisam,heap 
--with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql3306.sock
# make
# make install

编译数据库二:

# cd ~/src
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.71.tar.gz    
# cd mysql-5.1.71
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql3307 --with-mysqld-user=mysql --sysconfdir=/usr/local/mysql3307/etc  
--localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql3307/data --with-tcp-port=3307 -enable-assembler --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static 
--with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=utf-8 -with-extra-charsets=all --with-plugins=csv,innobase,myisam,heap 
--with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql3307.sock
# make
# make install

4.编写mysql配置项：

数据库一配置:

# vi /usr/local/mysql3306/etc/my.cnf
-------------------------------------------------------
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data
socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sock
user=mysql
port=3306
pid-file=/var/lib/mysqld3306/mysql.pid
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
max_connections= 16384
skip-name-resolve
skip-locking
key_buffer = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 32M
table_cache = 3072
thread_cache_size = 256
sort_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
net_buffer_length = 256M
thread_stack = 8M
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 2M
wait_timeout=7200
interactive_timeout=7200
#log
log-error=/usr/local/mysql3306/log/error.log
log=/usr/local/mysql3306/log/mysql.log
long_query_time=2
log-slow-queries= /usr/local/mysql3306/log/slowquery.log
log-bin= /usr/local/mysql3306/log/bin.log
expire_logs_days = 15
sync_binlog = 1
max_binlog_cache_size = 4294967295
local-infile=0
default-storage-engine=INNODB 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld3306.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld3306/mysqld.pid

数据库二配置:

# vi /usr/local/mysql3307/etc/my.cnf
-------------------------------------------------------
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql3307/data
socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock
user=mysql
port=3307
pid-file=/var/lib/mysqld3307/mysql.pid
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
max_connections= 16384
skip-name-resolve
skip-locking
key_buffer = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 32M
table_cache = 3072
thread_cache_size = 256
sort_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
net_buffer_length = 256M
thread_stack = 8M
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 2M
wait_timeout=7200
interactive_timeout=7200
#log
log-error=/usr/local/mysql3307/log/error.log
log=/usr/local/mysql3307/log/mysql.log
long_query_time=2
log-slow-queries= /usr/local/mysql3307/log/slowquery.log
log-bin= /usr/local/mysql3307/log/bin.log
expire_logs_days = 15
sync_binlog = 1
max_binlog_cache_size = 4294967295
local-infile=0
default-storage-engine=INNODB
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld3307.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld3307/mysqld.pid
-------------------------------------------------------

5.将mysql的库文件路径加入系统的库文件搜索路径中

方法一：直接做软链接

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql3306/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql

方法二：利用ldconfig导入系统库

# echo "/usr/local/mysql3306/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
# ldconfig

6.输出mysql的头文件到系统头文件

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql3306/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql

注: 此处只需将一个mysql实例的库文件添加到系统库,无需多次添加

7.进入相应实例的安装路径,初始化各自配置脚本

数据库一配置:

# cd /usr/local/mysql3306
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data

数据库二配置:

# cd /usr/local/mysql3307
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql3307/data

8.复制mysql启动脚本到系统服务目录,并更改脚本配置

# cp /usr/local/mysql3306/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld3306
# cp /usr/local/mysql3307/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld3307

数据库一配置:

# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld3006

basedir=/usr/local/mysql3306
datadir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data
conf=/usr/local/mysql3306/etc/my.cnf
$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=$conf --datadir=$datadir --pid-file=$server_pid_file $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &
--------------------------------------------

如下图红色标注的为添加的参数:

数据库二配置:

# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld3007

basedir=/usr/local/mysql3307
datadir=/usr/local/mysql3307/data
conf=/usr/local/mysql3307/etc/my.cnf
$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=$conf --datadir=$datadir --pid-file=$server_pid_file $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &
--------------------------------------------

如下图红色标注的为添加的参数:

9.系统启动项相关配置

数据库一配置:

# chkconfig --add mysqld3306  #添加开机启动服务
# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld3306 on  #设置mysql启动

数据库二配置:

# chkconfig --add mysqld3307  
# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld3307 on

10.启动mysql

数据库一启动:

# service mysqld3306 start

数据库二启动:

# service mysqld3307 start

11 添加mysql命令集到系统全局变量

注:如果系统之前未安装mysql客户端,可以将编译好的mysql命令集导入系统全局变量
以后就可以直接使用mysql命令集,而不需要使用绝对路径访问.

# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql3306/bin;export PATH" >> /etc/profile
# source /etc/profile

12. 设置初始账户,并登陆后台:

数据库一:

# /usr/local/mysql3306/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456   #设置超级管理员密码
# /usr/local/mysql3306/bin/mysql -P3306 -S/tmp/mysql3306.sock -uroot -p123456 #连接数据库

数据库二:

# /usr/local/mysql3307/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456   #设置超级管理员密码
# /usr/local/mysql3307/bin/mysql -P3307 -S/tmp/mysql3307.sock -uroot -p123456 #连接数据库

注: 因为加了mysql环境变量,以后系统后台可以直接使用mysql命令登录,这里使用绝对路径是为了规范操作

# mysql -P3307 -S/tmp/mysql3307.sock -uroot -p123456

13.端口测试:

#lsof -i:3306
#lsof -i:3307

OK,大功告成!

四、问题

1、-bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: No such file or directory

安装过程中执行

scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data

报错信息为:

-bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: No such file or directory

说明在mysql的安装目录下没有scripts目录，此时，可以将解压的源码中的script目录拷贝到安装目录下，重新执行命令。

2、cp: cannot stat `/usr/local/mysql3307/support-files/mysql.server': No such file or directory

安装过程中执行命令

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld3307

报错信息为:

cp: cannot stat `/usr/local/mysql3307/support-files/mysql.server': No such file or directory

将解压的源码中的support-files目录拷贝到安装目录下，重新执行命令

3、env: /etc/init.d/mysqld3307: Permission denied

启动数据库的时候执行命令

service mysqld3307 start

报错信息为：

env: /etc/init.d/mysqld3307: Permission denied

此时要为相应的文件授权，执行命令

chmod a+wrx /etc/init.d/mysqld3307

重新执行启动MySQL数据库服务的命令service mysqld3307 start

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