在网络时代,xml文件起到了一个保存和传输数据的作用。Soap协议通过Xml交流信息,数据库通过Xml文件存取等等。那么怎样快速的从一个XML文件中取得所需的信息呢?
我们知道,java的JAXP中和Microsoft.Net都有Xml分析器,Microsoft.Net是边读边分析,而JAXP是读到内存中然后才进行分析(还有一种是事件机制去读),总而言之,是不利于快速读取。基于此,Microsoft.Net 和JAXP都提供了XPATH机制,来快速定位到XML文件中所需的节点。
例如有一个XML文件:booksort.xml:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- a fragment of a book store inventory database --> <bookstore xmlns:bk="urn:samples"> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1997" bk:ISBN="1-861001-57-8"> <title>PRide And Prejudice</title> <author> <first-name>Jane</first-name> <last-name>Austen</last-name> </author> <price>24.95</price> </book> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1992" bk:ISBN="1-861002-30-1"> <title>The Handmaid's Tale</title> <author> <first-name>Margaret</first-name> <last-name>Atwood</last-name> </author> <price>29.95</price> </book> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1991" bk:ISBN="1-861001-57-6"> <title>Emma</title> <author> <first-name>Jane</first-name> <last-name>Austen</last-name> </author> <price>19.95</price> </book> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1982" bk:ISBN="1-861001-45-3"> <title>Sense and Sensibility</title> <author> <first-name>Jane</first-name> <last-name>Austen</last-name> </author> <price>19.95</price> </book> </bookstore>
如果我们想快速查找”last-name”等于”Austen”的所有标题名,可以通过以下方法可以得到:
XmlReaderSample.cs //Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathDocument Class //Author :Any using System; using System.IO; using System.Xml; using System.Xml.XPath; public class XmlReaderSample { public static void Main() { XmlTextReader myxtreader = new XmlTextReader("booksort.xml"); XmlReader myxreader = myxtreader; XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument(myxreader); XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator(); XPathExpression expr; expr = nav.Compile("descendant::book[author/last-name='Austen']"); //expr.AddSort("title", XmlSortOrder.Ascending, XmlCaSEOrder.None, "", XmlDataType.Text); XPathNodeIterator iterator = nav.Select(expr); while (iterator.MoveNext()) { XPathNavigator nav2 = iterator.Current; nav2.MoveToFirstChild(); Console.WriteLine("Book title: {0}", nav2.Value); } } }
运行这个程序,结果为:
Book title: Pride And Prejudice Book title: Emma Book title: Sense and Sensibility
可以看到查找正确。
利用XPATH中的一些功能,也可以实现简单的排序和简单运算。如在数据库中经常要对数据进行汇总,就可用XPATH实现。
如:
order.xml <!--Represents a customer order--> <order> <book ISBN='10-861003-324'> <title>The Handmaid's Tale</title> <price>19.95</price> </book> <cd ISBN='2-3631-4'> <title>Americana</title> <price>16.95</price> </cd> </order>
和:books.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- This file represents a fragment of a book store inventory database --> <bookstore> <book cc="dd" xmlns:bk="urn:sample" xmlns:ns="http://www.Any.com" genre="autobiography" publicationdate="1981" ISBN="1-861003-11-0"> <title>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</title> <ns:author> <first-name>Benjamin</first-name> <last-name>Franklin</last-name> </ns:author> <price>8.99</price> </book> <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1967" ISBN="0-201-63361-2"> <title>The Confidence Man</title> <author> <first-name>Herman</first-name> <last-name>Melville</last-name> </author> <price>11.99</price> </book> <book genre="philosophy" publicationdate="1991" ISBN="1-861001-57-6"> <title>The Gorgias</title> <author> <name>Plato</name> </author> <price>9.99</price> </book> </bookstore>
我们可以对该XML文件中的price求和,以得到价格总数。
Evaluate.cs //Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathNavigator Class //Author :Any using System; using System.IO; using System.Xml; using System.Xml.XPath; public class EvaluateSample { public static void Main() { EvaluateSample myEvaluateSample = new EvaluateSample(); myEvaluateSample.test("books.xml"); } public void test(String args) { try { //test Evaluate(String); XPathDocument myXPathDocument = new XPathDocument(args); XPathNavigator myXPathNavigator = myXPathDocument.CreateNavigator(); Console.WriteLine(myXPathNavigator.Evaluate("sum(descendant::book/price)")); //testEvaluate(XPathExpression); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load("order.xml"); XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator(); XPathExpression expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())"); Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr)); //testEvaluate(XPathExpression); XPathNodeIterator myXPathNodeIterator = nav.Select("descendant::book/title"); expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())"); Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr,myXPathNodeIterator)); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine ("Exception: {0}", e.ToString()); } } }
运行这个程序,结果如下:
30.97 36.9 36.9
我们可以看到,30.97是books.xml中所有price值的总和,而36.9则是order.xml中所有price值的总和。通过XPAH不仅可以快速查找信息,而且还可以对信息进行一些基本的处理。
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