验证码在表单实现越来越多了,但是用js的写的验证码,总觉得不方便,所以学习了下php实现的验证码。
好吧,其实是没有事情干,但是又不想浪费时间,所以学习了下php实现验证码。正所谓,技多不压身。而且,也可以封装成一个函数,以后使用的时候也是很方便的,当然现在未封装。
现在来说说简单的纯数字验证码吧。
如果是初学者,建议按照我代码的注释 //数字 一步步来。最简单的方法,还是把整个代码复制走了。
新建一个captcha.php:
<span>php </span><span>//</span><span>10>设置session,必须处于脚本最顶部</span><span>session_start</span><span>(); </span><span>$image</span> = imagecreatetruecolor(100, 30); <span>//</span><span>1>设置验证码图片大小的函数 //5>设置验证码颜色 imagecolorallocate(int im, int red, int green, int blue);</span><span>$bgcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>,255,255,255); <span>//</span><span>#ffffff //6>区域填充 int imagefill(int im, int x, int y, int col) (x,y) 所在的区域着色,col 表示欲涂上的颜色</span> imagefill(<span>$image</span>, 0, 0, <span>$bgcolor</span><span>); </span><span>//</span><span>10>设置变量</span><span>$captcha_code</span> = ""<span>; </span><span>//</span><span>7>生成随机数字</span><span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=0;<span>$i</span>$i++<span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>设置字体大小</span><span>$fontsize</span> = 6<span>; </span><span>//</span><span>设置字体颜色,随机颜色</span><span>$fontcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>, <span>rand</span>(0,120),<span>rand</span>(0,120), <span>rand</span>(0,120)); <span>//</span><span>0-120深颜色 //设置数字</span><span>$fontcontent</span> = <span>rand</span>(0,9<span>); </span><span>//</span><span>10>.=连续定义变量</span><span>$captcha_code</span> .= <span>$fontcontent</span><span>; </span><span>//</span><span>设置坐标</span><span>$x</span> = (<span>$i</span>*100/4)+<span>rand</span>(5,10<span>); </span><span>$y</span> = <span>rand</span>(5,10<span>); imagestring(</span><span>$image</span>,<span>$fontsize</span>,<span>$x</span>,<span>$y</span>,<span>$fontcontent</span>,<span>$fontcolor</span><span>); } </span><span>//</span><span>10>存到session</span><span>$_SESSION</span>['authcode'] = <span>$captcha_code</span><span>; </span><span>//</span><span>8>增加干扰元素,设置雪花点</span><span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=0;<span>$i</span>$i++<span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>设置点的颜色,50-200颜色比数字浅,不干扰阅读</span><span>$pointcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>,<span>rand</span>(50,200), <span>rand</span>(50,200), <span>rand</span>(50,200<span>)); </span><span>//</span><span>imagesetpixel — 画一个单一像素</span> imagesetpixel(<span>$image</span>, <span>rand</span>(1,99), <span>rand</span>(1,29), <span>$pointcolor</span><span>); } </span><span>//</span><span>9>增加干扰元素,设置横线</span><span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=0;<span>$i</span>$i++<span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>设置线的颜色</span><span>$linecolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>,<span>rand</span>(80,220), <span>rand</span>(80,220),<span>rand</span>(80,220<span>)); </span><span>//</span><span>设置线,两点一线</span> imageline(<span>$image</span>,<span>rand</span>(1,99), <span>rand</span>(1,29),<span>rand</span>(1,99), <span>rand</span>(1,29),<span>$linecolor</span><span>); } </span><span>//</span><span>2>设置头部,image/png</span><span>header</span>('Content-Type: image/png'<span>); </span><span>//</span><span>3>imagepng() 建立png图形函数</span> imagepng(<span>$image</span><span>); </span><span>//</span><span>4>imagedestroy() 结束图形函数 销毁$image</span> imagedestroy(<span>$image</span>);
接着就是静态页的代码了:index.html
<span><span>doctype html</span><span>></span><span><span>html</span><span>></span><span><span>head</span><span>></span><span><span>meta </span><span>http-equiv</span><span>="Content-Type"</span><span> content</span><span>="text/html; charset=UTF-8"</span><span>></span><span><span>title</span><span>></span>确认验证码<span></span><span>title</span><span>></span><span></span><span>head</span><span>></span><span><span>body</span><span>></span><span><span>form </span><span>method</span><span>="post"</span><span> action</span><span>="./form.php"</span><span>></span><span><span>p</span><span>></span>验证码: <span><span>img </span><span>id</span><span>="captcha_img"</span><span> border</span><span>='1' </span><span>src</span><span>='./captcha.php?r=<?php </span><span>echo rand(); ?</span><span>></span><span>' /> </span><span><span>a </span><span>href</span><span>="javascript:void(0)"</span><span> onclick</span><span>="document.getElementById('captcha_img').src='./captcha.php?r='+Math.random()"</span><span>></span>换一个?<span></span><span>a</span><span>></span><span></span><span>p</span><span>></span><span><span>P</span><span>></span>请输入验证码:<span><span>input </span><span>type</span><span>="text"</span><span> name</span><span>='authcode' </span><span>value</span><span>=''</span><span>/></span><span>p</span><span>></span><span><span>p</span><span>><span>input </span><span>type</span><span>='submit' </span><span>value</span><span>='提交' </span><span>style</span><span>='padding:6px </span><span>5px;'</span><span>/></span><span>p</span><span>></span><span></span><span>body</span><span>></span><span></span><span>html</span><span>></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
从index.html可以看到,提交的表单是到form.php的,所以还要有一个判断的form.php代码:
<span>php </span><span>header</span>("Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8"); <span>//</span><span>设置头部信息 //isset()检测变量是否设置</span><span>if</span>(<span>isset</span>(<span>$_REQUEST</span>['authcode'<span>])){ </span><span>session_start</span><span>(); </span><span>//</span><span>strtolower()小写函数</span><span>if</span>(<span>strtolower</span>(<span>$_REQUEST</span>['authcode'])== <span>$_SESSION</span>['authcode'<span>]){ </span><span>//</span><span>跳转页面</span><span>echo</span> "<script language='\"javascript\"'>"<span>; <span>echo "document.location=\"./form.php\""<span>; <span>echo "</script>"<span>; }</span><span>else</span><span>{ </span><span>//</span><span>提示以及跳转页面</span><span>echo</span> "<script language='\"javascript\"'>"<span>; <span>echo "alert('输入错误!');"<span>; <span>echo "document.location=\"./form.php\""<span>; <span>echo "</script>"<span>; } </span><span>exit</span><span>(); }</span>
显示页面如下:
那么,纯数字的实现了,数字加英文的也应该不难了。要修改的代码 只是在 captcha.php 将 //7>生成随机数字 修改成 //7>生成随机的字母和数字,如果你真的很可爱的就修改这几个字就认为可以实现的话,那么祝贺你,你永远保持快乐。脑残儿童欢乐多。
废话不多说了,拉代码吧。
<span>php </span><span>//</span><span>10>设置session,必须处于脚本最顶部</span><span>session_start</span><span>(); </span><span>$image</span> = imagecreatetruecolor(100, 30); <span>//</span><span>1>设置验证码图片大小的函数 //5>设置验证码颜色 imagecolorallocate(int im, int red, int green, int blue);</span><span>$bgcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>,255,255,255); <span>//</span><span>#ffffff //6>区域填充 int imagefill(int im, int x, int y, int col) (x,y) 所在的区域着色,col 表示欲涂上的颜色</span> imagefill(<span>$image</span>, 0, 0, <span>$bgcolor</span><span>); </span><span>//</span><span>10>设置变量</span><span>$captcha_code</span> = ""<span>; </span><span>//</span><span>7>生成随机的字母和数字</span><span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=0;<span>$i</span>$i++<span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>设置字体大小</span><span>$fontsize</span> = 8<span>; </span><span>//</span><span>设置字体颜色,随机颜色</span><span>$fontcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>, <span>rand</span>(0,120),<span>rand</span>(0,120), <span>rand</span>(0,120)); <span>//</span><span>0-120深颜色 //设置需要随机取的值,去掉容易出错的值如0和o</span><span>$data</span> ='abcdefghigkmnpqrstuvwxy3456789'<span>; </span><span>//</span><span>取出值,字符串截取方法 strlen获取字符串长度</span><span>$fontcontent</span> = <span>substr</span>(<span>$data</span>, <span>rand</span>(0,<span>strlen</span>(<span>$data</span>)),1<span>); </span><span>//</span><span>10>.=连续定义变量</span><span>$captcha_code</span> .= <span>$fontcontent</span><span>; </span><span>//</span><span>设置坐标</span><span>$x</span> = (<span>$i</span>*100/4)+<span>rand</span>(5,10<span>); </span><span>$y</span> = <span>rand</span>(5,10<span>); imagestring(</span><span>$image</span>,<span>$fontsize</span>,<span>$x</span>,<span>$y</span>,<span>$fontcontent</span>,<span>$fontcolor</span><span>); } </span><span>//</span><span>10>存到session</span><span>$_SESSION</span>['authcode'] = <span>$captcha_code</span><span>; </span><span>//</span><span>8>增加干扰元素,设置雪花点</span><span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=0;<span>$i</span>$i++<span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>设置点的颜色,50-200颜色比数字浅,不干扰阅读</span><span>$pointcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>,<span>rand</span>(50,200), <span>rand</span>(50,200), <span>rand</span>(50,200<span>)); </span><span>//</span><span>imagesetpixel — 画一个单一像素</span> imagesetpixel(<span>$image</span>, <span>rand</span>(1,99), <span>rand</span>(1,29), <span>$pointcolor</span><span>); } </span><span>//</span><span>9>增加干扰元素,设置横线</span><span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=0;<span>$i</span>$i++<span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>设置线的颜色</span><span>$linecolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>,<span>rand</span>(80,220), <span>rand</span>(80,220),<span>rand</span>(80,220<span>)); </span><span>//</span><span>设置线,两点一线</span> imageline(<span>$image</span>,<span>rand</span>(1,99), <span>rand</span>(1,29),<span>rand</span>(1,99), <span>rand</span>(1,29),<span>$linecolor</span><span>); } </span><span>//</span><span>2>设置头部,image/png</span><span>header</span>('Content-Type: image/png'<span>); </span><span>//</span><span>3>imagepng() 建立png图形函数</span> imagepng(<span>$image</span><span>); </span><span>//</span><span>4>imagedestroy() 结束图形函数 销毁$image</span> imagedestroy(<span>$image</span>);
其他的两个页面,不许要修改。
一般而言,现在就已经够用了。但是就像动漫一样,总会有番外。
那么,我们来个汉字的番外吧。其实我也准备将汉字的验证码放到我的毕业设计里面,虽然现在很流行滑动验证码,但是本人毕竟不是专门学习js的。
而且,还可以和答辩的老师说,我们验证码不需要素材,连图片也是生成的,用自己的知识装13,也没有设么的。
<span>php </span><span>//</span><span>11>设置session,必须处于脚本最顶部</span><span>session_start</span><span>(); </span><span>//</span><span>1>设置验证码图片大小的函数</span><span>$image</span> = imagecreatetruecolor(200, 60<span>); </span><span>//</span><span>5>设置验证码颜色 imagecolorallocate(int im, int red, int green, int blue);</span><span>$bgcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>,255,255,255); <span>//</span><span>#ffffff //6>区域填充 int imagefill(int im, int x, int y, int col) (x,y) 所在的区域着色,col 表示欲涂上的颜色</span> imagefill(<span>$image</span>, 0, 0, <span>$bgcolor</span><span>); </span><span>//</span><span>7>设置ttf字体</span><span>$fontface</span> = 'FZYTK.TTF'<span>; </span><span>//</span><span>7>设置字库,实现简单的数字储备</span><span>$str</span>='天地不仁以万物为刍狗圣人不仁以百姓为刍狗这句经常出现在控诉暴君暴政上地残暴不仁把万物都当成低贱的猪狗来看待而那些高高在上的所谓圣人们也没两样还不是把我们老百姓也当成猪狗不如的东西但实在正取的解读是地不情感用事对万物一视同仁圣人不情感用事对百姓一视同仁执子之手与子偕老当男女主人公含情脉脉看着对方说了句执子之手与子偕老女方泪眼朦胧含羞地回一句讨厌啦这样的情节我们是不是见过很多但是我们来看看这句的原句死生契阔与子成说执子之手与子偕老于嗟阔兮不我活兮于嗟洵兮不我信兮意思是说战士之间的约定说要一起死现在和我约定的人都走了我怎么活啊赤裸裸的兄弟江湖战友友谊啊形容好基友的基情比男女之间的爱情要合适很多吧'<span>; </span><span>//</span><span>str_split()切割字符串为一个数组,一个中文在utf_8为3个字符</span><span>$strdb</span> = <span>str_split</span>(<span>$str</span>,3<span>); </span><span>//</span><span>>11</span><span>$captcha_code</span> = ''<span>; </span><span>//</span><span>8>生成随机的汉子</span><span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=0;<span>$i</span>$i++<span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>设置字体颜色,随机颜色</span><span>$fontcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>, <span>rand</span>(0,120),<span>rand</span>(0,120), <span>rand</span>(0,120)); <span>//</span><span>0-120深颜色 //随机选取中文</span><span>$in</span> = <span>rand</span>(0,<span>count</span>(<span>$strdb</span><span>)); </span><span>$cn</span> = <span>$strdb</span>[<span>$in</span><span>]; </span><span>//</span><span>将中文记录到将保存到session的字符串中</span><span>$captcha_code</span> .= <span>$cn</span><span>; </span><span>/*</span><span>imagettftext (resource $image ,float $size ,float $angle ,int $x ,int $y,int $color, string $fontfile ,string $text ) 幕布 ,尺寸,角度,坐标,颜色,字体路径,文本字符串 mt_rand()生成更好的随机数,比rand()快四倍</span><span>*/</span><span> imagettftext(</span><span>$image</span>, <span>mt_rand</span>(20,24),<span>mt_rand</span>(-60,60),(40*<span>$i</span>+20),<span>mt_rand</span>(30,35),<span>$fontcolor</span>,<span>$fontface</span>,<span>$cn</span><span>); } </span><span>//</span><span>11>存到session</span><span>$_SESSION</span>['authcode'] = <span>$captcha_code</span><span>; </span><span>//</span><span>9>增加干扰元素,设置点</span><span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=0;<span>$i</span>$i++<span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>设置点的颜色,50-200颜色比数字浅,不干扰阅读</span><span>$pointcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>,<span>rand</span>(50,200), <span>rand</span>(50,200), <span>rand</span>(50,200<span>)); </span><span>//</span><span>imagesetpixel — 画一个单一像素</span> imagesetpixel(<span>$image</span>, <span>rand</span>(1,199), <span>rand</span>(1,59), <span>$pointcolor</span><span>); } </span><span>//</span><span>10>增加干扰元素,设置线</span><span>for</span>(<span>$i</span>=0;<span>$i</span>$i++<span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>设置线的颜色</span><span>$linecolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span>$image</span>,<span>rand</span>(80,220), <span>rand</span>(80,220),<span>rand</span>(80,220<span>)); </span><span>//</span><span>设置线,两点一线</span> imageline(<span>$image</span>,<span>rand</span>(1,199), <span>rand</span>(1,59),<span>rand</span>(1,199), <span>rand</span>(1,59),<span>$linecolor</span><span>); } </span><span>//</span><span>2>设置头部,image/png</span><span>header</span>('Content-Type: image/png'<span>); </span><span>//</span><span>3>imagepng() 建立png图形函数</span> imagepng(<span>$image</span><span>); </span><span>//</span><span>4>imagedestroy() 结束图形函数 销毁$image</span> imagedestroy(<span>$image</span>);
其他的页面也是不需要修改的。
效果图如下:
以上就介绍了二十四桥明月夜24,包括了方面的内容,希望对PHP教程有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。

PHPSession失效的原因包括配置错误、Cookie问题和Session过期。1.配置错误:检查并设置正确的session.save_path。2.Cookie问题:确保Cookie设置正确。3.Session过期:调整session.gc_maxlifetime值以延长会话时间。

在PHP中调试会话问题的方法包括:1.检查会话是否正确启动;2.验证会话ID的传递;3.检查会话数据的存储和读取;4.查看服务器配置。通过输出会话ID和数据、查看会话文件内容等方法,可以有效诊断和解决会话相关的问题。

多次调用session_start()会导致警告信息和可能的数据覆盖。1)PHP会发出警告,提示session已启动。2)可能导致session数据意外覆盖。3)使用session_status()检查session状态,避免重复调用。

在PHP中配置会话生命周期可以通过设置session.gc_maxlifetime和session.cookie_lifetime来实现。1)session.gc_maxlifetime控制服务器端会话数据的存活时间,2)session.cookie_lifetime控制客户端cookie的生命周期,设置为0时cookie在浏览器关闭时过期。

使用数据库存储会话的主要优势包括持久性、可扩展性和安全性。1.持久性:即使服务器重启,会话数据也能保持不变。2.可扩展性:适用于分布式系统,确保会话数据在多服务器间同步。3.安全性:数据库提供加密存储,保护敏感信息。

在PHP中实现自定义会话处理可以通过实现SessionHandlerInterface接口来完成。具体步骤包括:1)创建实现SessionHandlerInterface的类,如CustomSessionHandler;2)重写接口中的方法(如open,close,read,write,destroy,gc)来定义会话数据的生命周期和存储方式;3)在PHP脚本中注册自定义会话处理器并启动会话。这样可以将数据存储在MySQL、Redis等介质中,提升性能、安全性和可扩展性。

SessionID是网络应用程序中用来跟踪用户会话状态的机制。1.它是一个随机生成的字符串,用于在用户与服务器之间的多次交互中保持用户的身份信息。2.服务器生成并通过cookie或URL参数发送给客户端,帮助在用户的多次请求中识别和关联这些请求。3.生成通常使用随机算法保证唯一性和不可预测性。4.在实际开发中,可以使用内存数据库如Redis来存储session数据,提升性能和安全性。

在无状态环境如API中管理会话可以通过使用JWT或cookies来实现。1.JWT适合无状态和可扩展性,但大数据时体积大。2.Cookies更传统且易实现,但需谨慎配置以确保安全性。


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