Nginx 负载均衡配置实例 张宴 f5 负载均衡 nginx tcp 负载均

最近学了下nginx 的负载均衡原理，动手来配一个实例练练手。

1. 前言

我用的环境是 centos7, nginx版本是 1.8.1，具体怎么安装，参考我前面的文章。我公司的应用服务器有个环境，一个是开发环境，一个是测试环境，两个环境的应用是一样的，但是库里的数据是不同的，这样也正好方便等会儿的测试。

2. 配置nginx负载均衡

nginx默认是以 conf/nginx.conf 作为启动配置的，conf/nginx.conf.default是作为nginx.conf的一个备份，两个文件的内容完全一样，这样我们可以根据自己的需求在nginx.conf 中配置负载均衡，nginx.conf 内容如下：

<code><span>#user  nobody;  #使用哪个用户启动nginx  前边是用户  后边是组 </span><span>worker_processes</span><span>1</span>;    <span># nginx 工作进程数据量(通常为服务器的cpu核数)</span><span># [debug | info | warn | error | crit] 错误日志的级别及位置</span><span>#error_log  logs/error.log;</span><span>#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;</span><span>#error_log  logs/error.log  info;</span><span># 进程文件</span><span>#pid        logs/nginx.pid;</span><span>events</span> {
    <span># 每个进程的最大连接数</span><span>worker_connections</span><span>1024</span>;
}

<span># 设置http服务器，利用它的反向代理实现负载均衡支持</span><span>http</span> {
    <span>include</span>       mime.types;   <span># 设定mime类型</span><span>default_type</span>  application/octet-stream; <span># 默认文件类型</span><span># 设置日志格式</span><span>#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '</span><span>#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '</span><span>#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';</span><span>#access_log  logs/access.log  main;</span><span>sendfile</span><span>on</span>;  <span>#开启高效文件传输模式</span><span># 以下两个选项用于防止网络阻塞</span><span>#tcp_nopush on;</span><span>#tcp_nodelay on;</span><span>##tcp_nopush 这个参数只有 sendfile on 的时候才有用。tcp_nodelay 只在 keepalive 连接状态中使用。</span><span># 超时时间</span><span>keepalive_timeout</span><span>65</span>;

    <span># 开启gzip模块</span><span>#gzip  on;</span><span># 负载均衡配置</span><span>upstream</span> myproject {
    <span># 默认以轮询策略</span><span>server</span><span>192.168.1.111</span>; <span>#开发环境ip</span><span>server</span><span>192.168.1.114</span>; <span>#测试环境ip</span>
    }
    <span># 虚拟代理服务器配置</span><span>server</span> {
        <span>listen</span><span>80</span>;
    <span># 服务器名称，随便起名</span><span>server_name</span>  nginx_proxy;

        <span>#charset koi8-r;</span><span>#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;</span><span>location</span> / {
           <span># root   html;</span><span># index  index.html index.htm;</span><span>#设置主机头和客户端真实地址，以便服务器获取客户端真实IP</span><span>proxy_set_header</span> Host <span>$host</span>;
       <span>proxy_set_header</span> X-Real-IP <span>$remote_addr</span>;
       <span>proxy_set_header</span> X-Forwarded-For <span>$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for</span>;
       <span>#禁用缓存</span><span>proxy_buffering</span><span>off</span>;
       <span># 反向代理的地址</span><span>proxy_pass</span><span>http://myproject</span>;
        }

        <span>#error_page  404              /404.html;</span><span># redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html</span><span>#</span><span>#error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;</span><span>#location = /50x.html {</span><span>#    root   html;</span><span>#}</span><span># proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80</span><span>#</span><span>#location ~ \.php$ {</span><span>#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;</span><span>#}</span><span># pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000</span><span>#</span><span>#location ~ \.php$ {</span><span>#    root           html;</span><span>#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;</span><span>#    fastcgi_index  index.php;</span><span>#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;</span><span>#    include        fastcgi_params;</span><span>#}</span><span># deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root</span><span># concurs with nginx's one</span><span>#</span><span>#location ~ /\.ht {</span><span>#    deny  all;</span><span>#}</span>
    }


    <span># another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration</span><span>#</span><span>#server {</span><span>#    listen       8000;</span><span>#    listen       somename:8080;</span><span>#    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;</span><span>#    location / {</span><span>#        root   html;</span><span>#        index  index.html index.htm;</span><span>#    }</span><span>#}</span><span># HTTPS server</span><span>#</span><span>#server {</span><span>#    listen       443 ssl;</span><span>#    server_name  localhost;</span><span>#    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;</span><span>#    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;</span><span>#    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;</span><span>#    ssl_session_timeout  5m;</span><span>#    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;</span><span>#    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;</span><span>#    location / {</span><span>#        root   html;</span><span>#        index  index.html index.htm;</span><span>#    }</span><span>#}</span>}</code>

3. Nginx常用命令

<code><span>#测试nginx配置：</span>
 nginx -t  /usr/local/nginx/conf/fzjh.conf
 <span>#启动、关闭</span>
 ./sbin/nginx <span># 默认配置文件 conf/nginx.conf，-c 指定配置文件启动</span>
 ./sbin/nginx <span>-s</span> stop
 或 pkill nginx
 <span>#重启，不会改变启动时指定的配置文件</span>
 ./sbin/nginx <span>-s</span> reload</code>

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以上就介绍了Nginx 负载均衡配置实例，包括了nginx,负载均衡方面的内容，希望对PHP教程有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。