最佳的现代Linux命令针对初学者和专家

The Linux command line is a powerful tool that can be used to do anything from managing files to configuring your system. However, as technology evolves, so do the tools at our disposal. In this tutorial, we will explore 18 modern alternatives to some of the most popular Linux commands, highlighting their advantages and example use cases. These alternatives often offer improved performance, enhanced features, and simplified syntax.

Table of Contents

• Modern Alternatives to Popular Linux Commands
  • 1. Bat: Alternative to cat Command
  • 2. exa: Alternative to ls Command
  • 3. autojump: Alternative to cd Command
  • 4. zoxide: Alternative to cd Command
  • 5. HTTPie: Alternative to curl and wget Commands
  • 6. ripgrep: Alternative to grep Command
  • 7. sd: Alternative to sed Command
  • 8. jq: Alternative to awk Command
  • 9. htop: Alternative to top Command
  • 10. neofetch: Alternative to uname Command
  • 11. ncdu: Alternative to du Command
  • 12. dust: Alternative to du Command
  • 13. duf: Alternative to df Command
  • 14. dysk: Alternative to df Command
  • 15. fd: Alternative to find Command
  • 16. fossil: Alternative to git Command
  • 17. tldr: Alternative to man Command
  • 18. poetry: Alternative to pip [Bonus]
• Legacy Linux Commands and their Equivalent Modern Linux Commands
• Conclusion

Modern Alternatives to Popular Linux Commands

Please be aware that these alternatives do not fully replace the widely-used traditional Linux commands. Instead, they serve as substitutions that offer comparable functionalities. Also some of the utilities given below are written in modern programming language (E.g. Rust).

Now let us discuss about 17 modern replacements for the legacy Linux commands.

1. Bat: Alternative to cat Command

Bat is a modern replacement for the traditional cat command. It offers syntax highlighting, line numbers, and Git integration for code review.

Install Bat in Linux:

$ sudo apt install bat  # For Ubuntu/Debian
$ sudo dnf install bat  # For Fedora

Bat Usage:

bat filename

Example:

To display the contents of a file with syntax highlighting:

$ bat testscript.sh 

We already have published a detailed guide on bat command usage. Please check the following link to learn how to use bat command in Linux.

Linux Bat Command – A Cat Clone With Syntax Highlighting And Git Integration

Project Link: bat GitHub Repository

2. exa: Alternative to ls Command

exa is a modern replacement for the traditional ls command. It provides improved formatting, color-coded output, and additional metadata.

Install exa in Linux:

$ sudo apt install exa # For Ubuntu/Debian$ sudo dnf install exa # For Fedora

exa Usage:

$ exa -l

Project Link: exa GitHub Repository

3. autojump: Alternative to cd Command

autojump allows you to quickly navigate to frequently visited directories using partial names. autojump works by maintaining a database of the directories you use the most from the command line.

Install autojump in Linux:

$ sudo apt install autojump # For Ubuntu/Debian$ sudo dnf install autojump # For Fedora

To use autojump, you need to configure you shell to source /usr/share/autojump/autojump.sh on startup.

If you use Bash, add the following line to your ~/.bashrc (for non-login interactive shells) and your ~/.bash_profile (for login shells):

. /usr/share/autojump/autojump.sh

If you use Zsh, add the following line to your ~/.zshrc (for all interactive shells):

. /usr/share/autojump/autojump.sh

autojump Usage:

Please note that directories must be visited first before they can be jumped to.

j <partial_directory_name></partial_directory_name>

Example:

To quickly jump into the directory named pyapps, run:

$ j pya

Project Link: Autojump GitHub Repository

4. zoxide: Alternative to cd Command

zoxide is a command line directory navigation tool that remembers your frequently used directories. It allows you to quickly "jump" to these directories using minimal keystrokes. It's compatible with all major shells.

Install zoxide in Linux:

The recommended way to install zoxide is by using the following one-liner script:

$ curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ajeetdsouza/zoxide/main/install.sh | bash

zoxide is also available in the default repositories of many popular Linux distributions, so you can install it using your distribution's default package manager.

$ sudo apt install zoxide # For Ubuntu/Debian 
$ sudo dnf install zoxide # For Fedora

To start using zoxide, you'll need to integrate it into your shell's configuration.

For the Bash shell, edit ~/.bashrc file and add the following line to the end:

eval "$(zoxide init bash)"

For Fish shell, edit ~/.config/fish/config.fish file and add the following line at the end:

zoxide init fish | source

For Zsh, add this to the end of ~/.zshrc file:

eval "$(zoxide init zsh)"

zoxide Usage:

z <partial_directory_name></partial_directory_name>

Example:

To quickly navigate to a frequently visited directory (E.g.pyapps), run:

$ z py

Project Link: zoxide GitHub Repository

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Similar Read:

• How To Use Pushd, Popd And Dirs Commands For Faster CLI Navigation
• How To Navigate Directories Faster In Linux
• How To Automatically Switch To A Directory Without Using Cd Command In Linux
• How To cd and ls in one command

---

5. HTTPie: Alternative to curl and wget Commands

HTTPie is a user-friendly command-line tool for making HTTP requests. It offers syntax highlighting, JSON support, and a more intuitive interface compared to curl.

Install HTTPie in Linux:

$ sudo apt install httpie  # For Ubuntu/Debian
$ sudo dnf install httpie  # For Fedora

HTTPie Usage:

http GET http://example.com

Example:

$ https httpie.io/hello

6. ripgrep: Alternative to grep Command

ripgrep is a fast and user-friendly search tool that recursively searches your current directory for a specified pattern. ripgrep is similar to other popular search tools such as The Silver Searcher, ack and grep.

Install rigrep in Linux:

$ sudo apt install ripgrep # For Ubuntu/Debian$ sudo dnf install ripgrep # For Fedora

ripgrep Usage:

rg <search_pattern></search_pattern>

Example:

To search for pattern (E.g. "start") in a given file (E.g. job_log.txt) using ripgrep, run:

$ rg start job_log.txt

Project Link: ripgrep GitHub Repository

Similar Read: The Grep Command Tutorial With Examples For Beginners

7. sd: Alternative to sed Command

sd is a modern version of sed that focuses on simplicity and ease of use. It allows for easy find-and-replace operations.

Install sd in Linux:

Make sure you have installed Rust on your system and use the cargo package manager to install sd like below:

$ cargo install sd

sd Usage:

sd 'pattern_to_replace' 'replacement' filename

• 'pattern_to_replace': The text you want to replace.
• 'replacement': The text you want to replace the pattern with.
• filename: The name of the file you want to perform the replacement on.

Example:

Here's a practical example of how you can use the sd command for find-and-replace operations on a text file:

Let's say you have a text file named example.txt with the following content:

Hello, this is an example text file.
It contains some sample text that we'll use for sd command demonstration.

You want to replace all occurrences of the word "example" with "illustrative". Here's how you can achieve this using the sd command:

$ sd 'example' 'illustrative' example.txt

In this example, the sd command searches for the pattern "example" and replaces it with "illustrative" in the example.txt file.

After running this command, the contents of example.txt will be modified to:

Hello, this is an illustrative text file.
It contains some sample text that we'll use for demonstration.

Project Link: sd GitHub Repository

8. jq: Alternative to awk Command

jq is a command-line JSON processor that allows you to extract and manipulate data from JSON files.

Install jq in Linux:

$ sudo apt install jq # For Ubuntu/Debian$ sudo dnf install jq # For Fedora

jq Usage:

The syntax of the jq command is as follows:

jq 'filter_expression' filename

• 'filter_expression': The filter expression that specifies the data you want to extract or manipulate from the JSON.
• filename: The name of the JSON file you want to process.

Example:

Here's a practical example of how you can use the jq command to manipulate JSON data:

Let's say you have a JSON file named data.json with the following content:

{
  "name": "Senthil Kumar",
  "age": 40,
  "email": "senthil@kumar.com",
  "address": {
    "street": "123 Main St",
    "city": "Namakkal",
    "country": "India"
  },
  "hobbies": ["reading", "traveling", "coding", "writing"]
}

You want to extract the value of the "email" field from this JSON data. Here's how you can achieve this using the jq command:

$ jq '.email' data.json

After running this command, you'll get the following output:

"senthil@kumar.com"

In this example, the .email argument passed to the jq command tells it to extract the value of the "email" field from the JSON data.

You can use jq to perform various operations on JSON data, such as filtering, mapping, aggregation, and more. It's a powerful tool for working with JSON in the command line.

Project Linux: jq GitHub Repository

Similar Read: How To Parse And Pretty Print JSON With Linux Commandline Tools

9. htop: Alternative to top Command

htop provides an interactive and dynamic view of system processes. It offers a more intuitive interface and additional features compared to top.

Install htop in Linux:

$ sudo apt install htop  # For Ubuntu/Debian
$ sudo dnf install htop  # For Fedora

htop Usage:

$ htop

Project Link: Htop GitHub Repository

There are also some other good alternatives to the 'top' command utilities. Refer the following guide for more details.

• Some Alternatives To ‘top’ Command line Utility You Might Want To Know

10. neofetch: Alternative to uname Command

neofetch displays system information in a visually appealing way. It's customizable and supports various display options.

Install neofetch in Linux:

$ sudo apt install neofetch # For Ubuntu/Debian$ sudo dnf install neofetch # For Fedora

neofetch Usage:

$ neofetch

Project Link: neofetch GitHub Repository

11. ncdu: Alternative to du Command

ncdu provides a detailed view of disk usage with a user-friendly interface. It allows you to navigate and analyze disk usage efficiently.

Install ncdu in Linux:

$ sudo apt install ncdu # For Ubuntu/Debian$ sudo dnf install ncdu # For Fedora

ncdu Usage:

$ ncdu

For more detailed usage, check our ncdu article linked below.

How To Check Disk Space Usage In Linux Using Ncdu

Project Link: ncdu Website

12. dust: Alternative to du Command

dust is a modern tool for analyzing disk space usage. It provides a clearer and more informative visual representation of disk usage.

Install dust in Linux:

$ cargo install du-dust  # Using Rust's package manager

dust Usage:

dust

Example:

To analyze disk space usage in the current directory:

$ dust

Project Link: dust GitHub Repository

Fortunately. there are also many other good alternatives to du command available as well. Please go through the following link and pick any one that interests you.

Good Alternatives To du Command To Check Disk Usage In Linux

13. duf: Alternative to df Command

duf (Disk Usage/Free Utility) provides a more user-friendly and visually appealing way to view disk usage compared to the traditional df command. It presents disk usage information in a more intuitive manner.

Install duf in Linux:

$ sudo apt install duf  # For Ubuntu/Debian
$ sudo dnf install duf  # For Fedora

duf Usage:

duf

Example:

To display disk usage information:

$ duf

For mode details about duf command usage, please check the following link.

• How To View Disk Usage With Duf On Linux And Unix

Project Link: duf GitHub Repository

Related Read: Understanding df And du Commands In Linux

14. dysk: Alternative to df Command

dysk is a command-line tool for displaying information about mounted disks and filesystems in Linux. It is more informative than the df command, and it provides a variety of features for filtering, sorting, and exporting the output.

Install dysk in Linux:

Since dysk is written in Rust, we can install dysk using Cargo package manager. Make sure you've installed Rust on your Linux system and then run the following command to install dysk:

$ cargo install --locked dysk

dysk Usage:

To use dysk, simply run the following command in a terminal:

$ dysk

This will list all of the disks that are currently mounted on your system, along with their size, used space, free space, and utilization percentage.

You can also use dysk to list all filesystems, regardless of whether they are associated with a disk:

$ dysk -a

For more detailed usage on dysk, visit the following link.

How To Get Linux Filesystems Information Using Dysk Utility

Project Link: dysk GitHub Repository

15. fd: Alternative to find Command

fd is a faster and user-friendly alternative to the traditional find command. It is designed to be more intuitive and efficient when searching for files and directories.

Install fd in Linux:

$ sudo apt install fd-find  # For Ubuntu/Debian
$ sudo dnf install fd-find  # For Fedora

Note: The binary name for Debian is fdfind, so it's recommended to create a symbolic link to fd.

$ ln -s $(which fdfind) ~/.local/bin/fd

fd Usage:

fd pattern

Example:

To find all text files in the current directory and its subdirectories:

$ fd -e txt

For more details on fd command usage, refer the following link.

Fd: The Find Command Alternative For Mastering File Search In Linux

Project Link: fd GitHub Repository

16. fossil: Alternative to git Command

Fossil is a distributed version control system that includes an integrated bug tracker and wiki. It's designed to be self-contained and easy to set up.

Install Fossil in Linux:

$ sudo apt install fossil # For Ubuntu/Debian$ sudo dnf install fossil # For Fedora

fossil Usage:

fossil new repository_name

Example:

Here's an example of how you can use the Fossil version control system to create a new repository, add files, and commit changes.

This example demonstrates the basic steps of creating a repository, adding files, committing changes, and viewing the commit history.

Initialize a New Repository:

$ fossil new my_project.fossil

This command creates a new repository named my_project.fossil.

Add Files:

Assuming you have some files in a directory named my_project_files, you can add them to the repository:

$ fossil open my_project.fossil
$ fossil add my_project_files/*

The fossil open command opens the repository, and fossil add adds all files from the my_project_files directory to the repository.

Commit Changes:

After adding the files, you need to commit the changes:

$ fossil commit -m "Initial commit"

This command commits the changes with a commit message "Initial commit."

View Commit History:

You can view the commit history using:

$ fossil timeline

This will display a timeline of commits made to the repository.

Project Link: Fossil Website

17. tldr: Alternative to man Command

tldr provides simplified and community-driven man pages that are easy to understand. It's great for quick reference and understanding commands.

Install tldr in Linux:

tldr can be installed using npm.So, you need NodeJSinstalled on your machine for this to work.

To install NodeJS in Linux, refer the following guide.

• How To Install Node.js On Linux

After installing npm, run the following command to install tldr.

$ npm install -g tldr

tldr Usage:

tldr <command-name></command-name>

Example:

To get a concise explanation of the tar command:

$ tldr tar

Project Link: tldr GitHub Repository

There are also a few good alternatives to man command available as well. Check the following guide to learn about other alternatives.

Good Alternatives To Man Pages Every Linux User Needs To Know

Related Read:

• How To Use Man Pages Efficiently In Linux

18. poetry: Alternative to pip [Bonus]

While not a traditional Linux command, I recently discovered this tool and thought it might be of interest to some of you.

poetry simplifies Python package management by providing dependency resolution and packaging in one tool.

Install poetry in Linux:

The officially recommended way to install poetry in Linux is by using this script:

$ curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -

If Pip is already installed, you can install poetry using Pip like below.

$ pip install poetry

poetry Usage:

poetry add package_name

Example:

$ poetry add yt-dlp

Legacy Linux Commands and their Equivalent Modern Linux Commands

The following table shows the legacy Linux commands and their modern alternatives.

Command	Alternative	Description
cat	Bat	Improved cat with syntax highlighting and more.
ls	exa	Modern replacement for ls with enhanced formatting.
cd	autojump	Quickly navigate to the frequently used directories.
cd	zoxide	Efficient directory navigation remembering frequently used.
curl / wget	HTTPie	User-friendly tool for making HTTP requests.
grep	ripgrep	Fast search tool with recursive pattern matching.
sed	sd	Streamlined find-and-replace with simplified syntax.
awk	jq	JSON processor for extracting and manipulating data.
top	htop	Interactive process viewer with advanced features.
uname	neofetch	System information display with visual appeal.
du	ncdu	Disk usage tool with navigable interface.
du	dust	A modern tool for analyzing disk space usage.
df	duf	Disk usage tool with user-friendly visuals.
df	dysk	A better Alternative to df -H Command.
find	fd	A faster and user-friendly alternative to the find command.
git	fossil	Distributed version control system with integrated tools.
man	tldr	Simplified and community-driven command reference.
pip	poetry	Python package manager and dependency resolver.

Table - Modern Alternatives to Legacy Linux Commands

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we've explored a wide range of modern alternatives to popular Linux commands. I encourage you to try out some of these modern alternatives. You may be surprised at how much they can improve your command-line experience.

I will keep updating this guide with any new alternatives to conventional Linux commands that I encounter in future. Make sure to bookmark this link and revisit periodically.

Related Read:

• Linux Command Line Tricks For Efficient And Faster Workflow
• 15 Essential Linux Commands Every Beginner Should Know

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