解决 SQL Server 2008 WHERE 子句中的 CASE 语句问题
在 SQL Server 2008 的 WHERE 子句中使用 CASE 语句可能会带来困难。 以下查询举例说明了一个常见问题:
<code class="language-sql">SELECT tl.storenum 'Store #', co.ccnum 'FuelFirst Card #', co.dtentered 'Date Entered', CASE st.reasonid WHEN 1 THEN 'Active' WHEN 2 THEN 'Not Active' WHEN 0 THEN st.ccstatustypename ELSE 'Unknown' END 'Status', CASE st.ccstatustypename WHEN 'Active' THEN ' ' WHEN 'Not Active' THEN ' ' ELSE st.ccstatustypename END 'Reason', UPPER(REPLACE(REPLACE(co.personentered,'RT\\',''),'RACETRAC\\','')) 'Person Entered', co.comments 'Comments or Notes' FROM comments co INNER JOIN cards cc ON co.ccnum=cc.ccnum INNER JOIN customerinfo ci ON cc.customerinfoid=ci.customerinfoid INNER JOIN ccstatustype st ON st.ccstatustypeid=cc.ccstatustypeid INNER JOIN customerstatus cs ON cs.customerstatuscd=ci.customerstatuscd INNER JOIN transactionlog tl ON tl.transactionlogid=co.transactionlogid LEFT JOIN stores s ON s.StoreNum = tl.StoreNum WHERE CASE LEN('TestPerson') WHEN 0 THEN co.personentered = co.personentered ELSE co.personentered LIKE '%TestPerson' END AND cc.ccnum = CASE LEN('TestFFNum') WHEN 0 THEN cc.ccnum ELSE 'TestFFNum' END AND CASE LEN('2011-01-09 11:56:29.327') WHEN 0 THEN co.DTEntered = co.DTEntered ELSE CASE LEN('2012-01-09 11:56:29.327') WHEN 0 THEN co.DTEntered >= '2011-01-09 11:56:29.327' ELSE co.DTEntered BETWEEN '2011-01-09 11:56:29.327' AND '2012-01-09 11:56:29.327' END END AND tl.storenum < 699 ORDER BY tl.StoreNum</code>
解决方案:用布尔逻辑重构
核心问题在于 WHERE 子句的条件逻辑中直接使用了 CASE 语句。 CASE 表达式应该产生一个值;它们不应该是全部情况。
解决方案涉及使用 AND
和 OR
运算符将 CASE 语句替换为等效的布尔逻辑:
<code class="language-sql">SELECT tl.storenum 'Store #', co.ccnum 'FuelFirst Card #', co.dtentered 'Date Entered', CASE st.reasonid WHEN 1 THEN 'Active' WHEN 2 THEN 'Not Active' WHEN 0 THEN st.ccstatustypename ELSE 'Unknown' END 'Status', CASE st.ccstatustypename WHEN 'Active' THEN ' ' WHEN 'Not Active' THEN ' ' ELSE st.ccstatustypename END 'Reason', UPPER(REPLACE(REPLACE(co.personentered,'RT\\',''),'RACETRAC\\','')) 'Person Entered', co.comments 'Comments or Notes' FROM comments co INNER JOIN cards cc ON co.ccnum=cc.ccnum INNER JOIN customerinfo ci ON cc.customerinfoid=ci.customerinfoid INNER JOIN ccstatustype st ON st.ccstatustypeid=cc.ccstatustypeid INNER JOIN customerstatus cs ON cs.customerstatuscd=ci.customerstatuscd INNER JOIN transactionlog tl ON tl.transactionlogid=co.transactionlogid LEFT JOIN stores s ON s.StoreNum = tl.StoreNum WHERE (LEN('TestPerson') = 0 AND co.personentered = co.personentered) OR (LEN('TestPerson') > 0 AND co.personentered LIKE '%TestPerson') AND ((LEN('TestFFNum') = 0 AND cc.ccnum = cc.ccnum) OR (LEN('TestFFNum') > 0 AND cc.ccnum = 'TestFFNum')) AND ((LEN('2011-01-09 11:56:29.327') = 0 AND co.DTEntered = co.DTEntered) OR (LEN('2012-01-09 11:56:29.327') = 0 AND co.DTEntered >= '2011-01-09 11:56:29.327') OR (co.DTEntered BETWEEN '2011-01-09 11:56:29.327' AND '2012-01-09 11:56:29.327')) AND tl.storenum < 699 ORDER BY tl.StoreNum;</code>
性能增强
虽然这个更正后的查询可以正确运行,但性能还可以进一步提高:
OR
条件可能会降低效率。 考虑替代查询结构(例如,使用 UNION ALL
来表示不同的搜索条件)。WHERE
子句中经常使用的列上存在索引(例如 co.personentered
、cc.ccnum
、co.DTEntered
、tl.storenum
)。通过解决这些问题,您可以创建更高效、更易读的 SQL 查询。
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