掌握 Node.js、Express.js 和基本后端开发技能的第三个学习计划

这是一个结构化的2 个月学习计划，用于掌握 Node.js、Express.js 和基本的后端开发技能。该计划假设周一至周五，每天3-4小时。通过坚持这个时间表，您将打下坚实的基础，同时逐步提高您的技能。

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第 1 周：Node.js 基础知识

• 目标：了解 Node.js 和 JavaScript 的基础知识。
• 时间奉献：〜3小时/天

Day	Topics	Practice Tasks
Monday	Introduction to Node.js: What it is and how it works. Install Node.js.	Write a simple “Hello World” program in Node.js. Explore REPL and the Node.js runtime.
Tuesday	Core Modules: fs, path, os, events, http.	Create a file system reader and a simple HTTP server.
Wednesday	JavaScript Review: ES6 features (arrow functions, promises, destructuring, etc.).	Convert callbacks to promises. Practice with async/await.
Thursday	NPM Basics: Learn about package.json, installing packages, and using npm scripts.	Initialize a project, install and use a library like Lodash.
Friday	Event Loop and Asynchronous Programming.	Build a simple program to demonstrate non-blocking I/O with callbacks and promises.

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第 2 周：Express.js 基础知识

• 目标：学习使用 Express.js 创建 API。
• 时间奉献：〜3小时/天

Day	Topics	Practice Tasks
Monday	Introduction to Express.js and setting up a basic server.	Create a server that responds to GET and POST requests.
Tuesday	Routing: Learn dynamic routing and route parameters.	Create routes for a simple CRUD app (e.g., managing tasks).
Wednesday	Middleware: Understand built-in, third-party, and custom middleware.	Implement logging middleware and error-handling middleware.
Thursday	Serving Static Files and Templates.	Serve an HTML/CSS page using Express. Explore template engines like EJS or Pug.
Friday	RESTful API Basics: HTTP methods, status codes, and CRUD operations.	Create a RESTful API for a basic resource like users or products.

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第 3 周：数据库（PostgreSQL 和 MongoDB 基础知识）

• 目标：学习将数据库与 Node.js 集成。
• 时间奉献：〜3小时/天

Day	Topics	Practice Tasks
Monday	PostgreSQL: Setting up, SQL basics (CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE).	Connect a Node.js app to PostgreSQL using pg module.
Tuesday	Advanced SQL: Joins, indexes, and relationships.	Build a schema with foreign keys and practice joins.
Wednesday	MongoDB Basics: NoSQL concepts, CRUD operations.	Use MongoDB with Node.js through mongoose or mongodb library.
Thursday	Database Integration: Using PostgreSQL or MongoDB with Express.	Add database functionality to your CRUD app from Week 2.
Friday	Error Handling and Validation.	Handle database errors and validate user input in your app.

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第 4 周：身份验证和高级 API 概念

• 目标：保护您的应用程序并优化您的 API。
• 时间奉献：〜3小时/天

Day	Topics	Practice Tasks
Monday	User Authentication Basics (JWT and Session-based).	Implement user login and signup routes using JWT.
Tuesday	Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Middleware for Authorization.	Add role-based permissions to your app.
Wednesday	Advanced API Features: Pagination, filtering, and sorting.	Add pagination to your CRUD API.
Thursday	Rate Limiting and Security Best Practices.	Use libraries like express-rate-limit and helmet to secure your app.
Friday	Testing APIs: Tools like Postman and automated tests with Jest or Mocha.	Write basic unit tests for your API endpoints.

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第 5-6 周：构建一个完整的项目

• 目标：构建并部署具有数据库、身份验证和 API 的全栈应用程序。
• 时间奉献：〜4小时/天

Week	Topics	Practice Tasks
Week 5	Plan and build the backend for a project (e.g., task management app, blog platform).	Design API endpoints, database schema, and implement features incrementally.
Week 6	Add advanced features like caching, real-time updates, and deploy to Heroku or AWS.	Use Redis for caching, WebSockets for real-time features, and deploy the app online.

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第 7 周：高级后端主题

• 目标：学习性能优化、消息队列和可扩展架构。
• 时间奉献：〜3小时/天

Day	Topics	Practice Tasks
Monday	Caching and Performance Optimization (Redis, CDN, etc.).	Implement Redis caching for frequent queries.
Tuesday	WebSockets: Real-time communication with Socket.IO.	Add real-time chat or notifications to your app.
Wednesday	Message Queues: Asynchronous processing with Kafka or RabbitMQ.	Implement a message queue for handling background tasks.
Thursday	Scaling: Load balancers, horizontal scaling, and database sharding.	Research scaling strategies and prepare for potential scalability issues.
Friday	Error Logging and Monitoring (e.g., Winston, Sentry).	Set up logging and error tracking in your app.

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第 8 周：审查、部署和完善

• 目标：巩固知识，完善项目，为工作做好准备。
• 时间奉献：〜4小时/天

Day	Topics	Practice Tasks
Monday	Code Review: Refactor and optimize your project.	Review code for readability, performance, and scalability.
Tuesday	Documentation: Write API documentation (Swagger or Postman).	Create a detailed API reference for your project.
Wednesday	Deployment: Deploy your app to a live server (Heroku, AWS, or Vercel).	Test your app on a production environment.
Thursday	Resume Building and Portfolio Creation.	Add your project to GitHub and showcase it in your portfolio.
Friday	Final Practice: Debugging, testing, and performance tuning.	Identify and resolve any lingering issues in your project.

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总时间投入

• 每天的小时数：3-4小时（周一至周五）。
• 每周工作时间：15-20 小时。
• 超过 8 周的总时间：约 120-160 小时。

该计划提供了一种结构化而灵活的方法来掌握 Node.js 和 Express.js 的后端开发，同时集成互补的技能。如果您在特定的一周内需要更多资源或帮助，请告诉我！

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