如何在 Tkinter GUI 应用程序中有效地在帧之间转换？

Tkinter 中帧之间的转换

问题陈述

在 GUI 开发的初始阶段，常见的任务是在 Tkinter 中的不同逻辑部分之间切换一个程序。通常，“开始菜单”用作初始登陆页面，用户在做出选择后导航到程序的各个部分。问题出现了：我们如何优雅地处理帧之间的这种转换？是否可以销毁当前帧并创建一个新帧，并在按下后退按钮时恢复此过程？

解决方案：动态过渡的图层帧

一种推荐的方法是堆叠框架一个一个地叠在一起。该技术允许通过在堆叠顺序内升高或降低帧来实现帧之间的无缝过渡。位于顶部的框架成为可见框架。

要实现此方法，请确保所有小部件属于根框架（自身）或后代。下面是演示此概念的示例：

import tkinter as tk
import tkFont as tkfont

class SampleApp(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Initialize the Tkinter object
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        # Create a title font
        self.title_font = tkfont.Font(family='Helvetica', size=18, weight="bold", slant="italic")

        # Create a container to hold the frames
        container = tk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        # Initialize a dictionary to store the frames
        self.frames = {}
        for F in (StartPage, PageOne, PageTwo):
            page_name = F.__name__
            frame = F(parent=container, controller=self)
            self.frames[page_name] = frame

            # Add each frame to the container
            frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")

        # Display the start page initially
        self.show_frame("StartPage")

    def show_frame(self, page_name):
        # Bring the specified frame to the top of the stacking order
        frame = self.frames[page_name]
        frame.tkraise()

class StartPage(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        # Initialize the Frame
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller

        # Create a label
        label = tk.Label(self, text="This is the start page", font=controller.title_font)
        label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)

        # Create buttons to navigate to other pages
        button1 = tk.Button(self, text="Go to Page One",
                            command=lambda: controller.show_frame("PageOne"))
        button2 = tk.Button(self, text="Go to Page Two",
                            command=lambda: controller.show_frame("PageTwo"))
        button1.pack()
        button2.pack()

class PageOne(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        # Initialize the Frame
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller

        # Create a label
        label = tk.Label(self, text="This is page 1", font=controller.title_font)
        label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)

        # Create a button to navigate to another page
        button = tk.Button(self, text="Go to the start page",
                           command=lambda: controller.show_frame("StartPage"))
        button.pack()

class PageTwo(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        # Initialize the Frame
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller

        # Create a label
        label = tk.Label(self, text="This is page 2", font=controller.title_font)
        label.pack(side="top", fill="x", pady=10)

        # Create a button to navigate to another page
        button = tk.Button(self, text="Go to the start page",
                           command=lambda: controller.show_frame("StartPage"))
        button.pack()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Create the application instance
    app = SampleApp()
    app.mainloop()

总之，分层技术允许在帧之间进行高效切换，从而无需销毁和重新创建帧。这种方法可确保无缝且用户友好的导航体验。

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