如何解决Python urllib中的'SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”错误？

urllib 和“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”错误

错误：

Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in        __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in  run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "/Users/Matthew/Desktop/Skypebot 2.0/bot.py", line 271, in process
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
context=self._context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
URLError: <urlopen error certificate_verify_failed certificate verify failed></urlopen>

问题：

该错误是由于尝试建立 HTTPS 失败而触发的由于证书验证问题而导致连接。该 API 需要 HTTPS，需要绕过证书验证。

macOS Python 3.6 的解决方案：

此解决方案特定于“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”错误使用Python 3.6 macOS。

1. 导航到 /Applications/Python 3.6/ReadMe.rtf。
2. 使用以下命令安装 certifi 包：
   /Applications/Python 3.6/Install Certificates.command （终端应用程序）

附加说明：

• 此解决方案不适用于所有“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”错误。
• 如果如果您在其他情况下遇到此错误，请查阅 Python 文档或搜索更具体的解决方案在线。

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