如何使用 XML 或替代方法有效捕获 SQL Server UPDATE 触发器中的修改字段？

用于捕获 SQL Server 中修改字段的高效更新触发器

问题：

COLUMNS_UPDATED 方法是已知的，但是需要更快的技术来捕获 XML 格式的修改字段值以进行复制

自动例行查询：

CREATE TRIGGER DBCustomers_Insert
    ON DBCustomers
    AFTER UPDATE
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @sql as NVARCHAR(1024);
    SET @sql = 'SELECT ';


    -- HELP NEEDED FOR FOLLOWING LINE...
    -- I can manually write every column, but need an automated way that works with any column specifications
    for each column, if its modified append $sql = ',' + columnname...

    SET @sql = $sql + ' FROM inserted FOR XML RAW';

    DECLARE @x as XML;
    SET @x = CAST(EXEC(@sql) AS XML);


    .. use @x

END

替代解决方案：

此响应呈现而不是使用 COLUMNS_UPDATED解决该问题的替代方法。它涉及对插入的表和删除的表进行逆透视以创建键、字段值和字段名称列。通过连接和过滤这两个未透视表，仅识别修改、删除和插入的行。

示例：

-- Setup tables and data
CREATE TABLE dbo.Sample_Table (ContactID int, Forename varchar(100), Surname varchar(100), Extn varchar(16), Email varchar(100), Age int );
INSERT INTO Sample_Table VALUES (1,'Bob','Smith','2295','[email protected]',24);
...

-- Create trigger
CREATE TRIGGER TriggerName ON dbo.Sample_Table FOR DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE AS
BEGIN
    -- Unpivot deleted and inserted tables
    WITH deleted_unpvt AS (
        SELECT ContactID, FieldName, FieldValue
        FROM (SELECT ContactID, Forename, Surname, Extn, Email, Age FROM deleted) p
        UNPIVOT (FieldValue FOR FieldName IN (Forename, Surname, Extn, Email, Age)) AS deleted_unpvt
    ),
    inserted_unpvt AS (
        SELECT ContactID, FieldName, FieldValue
        FROM (SELECT ContactID, Forename, Surname, Extn, Email, Age FROM inserted) p
        UNPIVOT (FieldValue FOR FieldName IN (Forename, Surname, Extn, Email, Age)) AS inserted_unpvt
    )

    -- Join tables and capture changes
    INSERT INTO Sample_Table_Changes (ContactID, FieldName, FieldValueWas, FieldValueIs)
    SELECT Coalesce (D.ContactID, I.ContactID) ContactID
        , Coalesce (D.FieldName, I.FieldName) FieldName
        , D.FieldValue as FieldValueWas
        , I.FieldValue AS FieldValueIs 
    FROM deleted_unpvt d

            FULL OUTER JOIN inserted_unpvt i
            on D.ContactID = I.ContactID AND D.FieldName = I.FieldName
    WHERE D.FieldValue  I.FieldValue -- Changes
        OR (D.FieldValue IS NOT NULL AND I.FieldValue IS NULL) -- Deletions
        OR (D.FieldValue IS NULL AND I.FieldValue IS NOT NULL) -- Insertions
END

-- Execute changes
UPDATE Sample_Table SET age = age+1;
...

-- Output results
SELECT *, SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(FieldValueWas, 'BaseType') FieldBaseType, SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(FieldValueWas, 'MaxLength') FieldMaxLength from Sample_Table_Changes;

替代解决方案：

• 避免 bigint 问题位域和算术溢出
• 可自定义的输出格式和数据类型转换
• 通过使用 GUID 填充列作为唯一标识符来处理更改自然主键的场景

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