何时在 STL 中选择向量与列表
根据有效的 STL,向量容器应该是序列的默认选择。但是,此建议需要进一步澄清。
向量与列表:主要差异
要了解向量和列表之间的区别,请考虑下表:
Feature | Vector | List |
---|---|---|
Memory allocation | Contiguous | Non-contiguous |
Storage overhead | Pre-allocates space | Constant memory overhead |
Element space | No extra pointers | Extra space for node (pointers to next/previous) |
Memory reallocation | Can reallocate memory for entire vector | Never reallocates memory for entire list |
Insertion efficiency | O(1) at end, O(n) elsewhere | O(1) anywhere |
Erasure efficiency | O(1) at end, O(n) elsewhere | O(1) always |
Random access | Supported | Not supported |
Iterator validity | Invalidated after additions/removals | Remains valid after additions/removals |
Array access | Underlying array easily obtained | No underlying array available |
列表何时可能首选
虽然向量通常更有效,但在特定场景中列表可能是更好的选择:
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