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我们可以在运行时修改Java注解字符串参数吗?

Linda Hamilton
Linda Hamilton原创
2024-12-14 16:03:11478浏览

Can We Modify Java Annotation String Parameters at Runtime?

在运行时修改类定义注解字符串参数

问题陈述

想象一个类定义如下:

@Something(someProperty = "some value")
public class Foobar {
    //...
}

该类已编译且无法修改。但是,我们希望在运行时动态更改“someProperty”的值。这是否可行,如果可行,如何实现?

解决方案

要在运行时修改注释的值,我们可以利用反射和动态代理。以下代码片段演示了此方法:

public static Object changeAnnotationValue(Annotation annotation, String key, Object newValue){
    Object handler = Proxy.getInvocationHandler(annotation);
    Field f;
    try {
        f = handler.getClass().getDeclaredField("memberValues");
    } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
    }
    f.setAccessible(true);
    Map<String, Object> memberValues;
    try {
        memberValues = (Map<String, Object>) f.get(handler);
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
    }
    Object oldValue = memberValues.get(key);
    if (oldValue == null || oldValue.getClass() != newValue.getClass()) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    }
    memberValues.put(key,newValue);
    return oldValue;
}

示例用法

此方法可用于各种场景。例如,这是一个涉及不同注释类型的示例:

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface ClassAnnotation {
  String value() default "";
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface FieldAnnotation {
  String value() default "";
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface MethodAnnotation {
  String value() default "";
}

@ClassAnnotation("class test")
public static class TestClass{
    @FieldAnnotation("field test")
    public Object field;
    @MethodAnnotation("method test")
    public void method(){

    }
}

通过此设置,我们可以动态修改注释值:

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    final ClassAnnotation classAnnotation = TestClass.class.getAnnotation(ClassAnnotation.class);
    System.out.println("old ClassAnnotation = " + classAnnotation.value());
    changeAnnotationValue(classAnnotation, "value", "another class annotation value");
    System.out.println("modified ClassAnnotation = " + classAnnotation.value());

    Field field = TestClass.class.getField("field");
    final FieldAnnotation fieldAnnotation = field.getAnnotation(FieldAnnotation.class);
    System.out.println("old FieldAnnotation = " + fieldAnnotation.value());
    changeAnnotationValue(fieldAnnotation, "value", "another field annotation value");
    System.out.println("modified FieldAnnotation = " + fieldAnnotation.value());

    Method method = TestClass.class.getMethod("method");
    final MethodAnnotation methodAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(MethodAnnotation.class);
    System.out.println("old MethodAnnotation = " + methodAnnotation.value());
    changeAnnotationValue(methodAnnotation, "value", "another method annotation value");
    System.out.println("modified MethodAnnotation = " + methodAnnotation.value());
}

此代码演示了更改值的能力在运行时与类、字段和方法关联的注释。

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