使用 Cookie 处理 PHP 表单的初学者指南

在本指南中，我们将探索使用 cookie 存储用户数据的 PHP 表单处理。 Cookie 是一种在用户浏览器上保存少量数据的方法，可以在不同会话中记住用户偏好或信息。

我们的项目涉及创建一个表单，用户可以在其中输入信息，将提交的数据存储在 cookie 中，然后查看或删除 cookie 数据。在本教程结束时，您将了解如何在 PHP 中设置、检索和删除 cookie。

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什么是 Cookie？

Cookie 是存储在用户浏览器上的小文件。它们允许网络服务器存储特定于用户的数据并在后续访问时检索它。在 PHP 中，您可以使用 setcookie() 函数来创建或更新 cookie，并使用 $_COOKIE 超全局变量来读取它们。

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项目：带有 Cookie 处理的 PHP 表单

我们将创建一个简单的应用程序：

1. 允许用户通过表单提交信息。
2. 将提交的数据存储在cookie中。
3. 显示存储的cookie数据。
4. 提供删除 cookie 的选项。

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文件结构

我们的项目包含以下文件：

project-folder/
│
├── index.php           # Form page
├── submit.php          # Form handling and cookie storage
├── view_cookie.php     # Viewing cookie data
├── delete_cookie.php   # Deleting cookie data

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第 1 步：创建表单 (index.php)

index.php 文件包含用于用户输入的 HTML 表单，以及用于查看或删除 cookie 数据的按钮。

    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>PHP Form with Cookie Handling</title>


    <h1 id="Submit-Your-Information">Submit Your Information</h1>
    <!-- Form Section for User Input -->
    

Name:

---

Step 2: Handling Form Submission (submit.php)

The submit.php file processes the form data, validates and sanitizes it, and then stores it in cookies.

<?php // Initialize error messages and data variables
$error_name = "";
$error_age = "";
$error_email = "";
$error_website = "";
$name = $age = $email = $website = $gender = $comments = $hobbies = "";

// Sanitize and validate the form data
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "GET") {
    // Sanitize inputs
    $name = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['name']));
    $age = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['age']));
    $email = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['email']));
    $website = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['website']));
    $gender = isset($_GET['gender']) ? $_GET['gender'] : '';
    $hobbies = isset($_GET['hobbies']) ? $_GET['hobbies'] : [];
    $comments = htmlspecialchars(trim($_GET['comments']));

    // Validation checks
    if (empty($name)) {
        $error_name = "Name is required.";
    }

    if (empty($age) || !filter_var($age, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT) || $age <= 0) {
        $error_age = "Valid age is required.";
    }

    if (empty($email) || !filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
        $error_email = "Valid email is required.";
    }

    if (empty($website) || !filter_var($website, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL)) {
        $error_website = "Valid website URL is required.";
    }

    // If no errors, set cookies
    if (empty($error_name) && empty($error_age) && empty($error_email) && empty($error_website)) {
        // Set cookies for the form data
        setcookie("name", $name, time() + (86400 * 30), "/");
        setcookie("age", $age, time() + (86400 * 30), "/");
        setcookie("email", $email, time() + (86400 * 30), "/");
        setcookie("website", $website, time() + (86400 * 30), "/");
        setcookie("gender", $gender, time() + (86400 * 30), "/");
        setcookie("hobbies", implode(", ", $hobbies), time() + (86400 * 30), "/");
        setcookie("comments", $comments, time() + (86400 * 30), "/");
    }
}
?>




    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Form Submission Result</title>


    <h1 id="Form-Submission-Result">Form Submission Result</h1>

    <!-- Show Errors if any -->
    <?php if ($error_name) {
        echo "<p>




<hr>

<h3>
  
  
  Step 3: Viewing Cookie Data (view_cookie.php)
</h3>

<p>This file displays the cookie data stored on the user's browser.<br>
</p>

<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">


    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>View Cookie Data</title>


    <h1 id="View-Stored-Cookie-Data">View Stored Cookie Data</h1>

    <?php if (isset($_COOKIE['name'])) {
        echo "<p><strong>Name:</strong> " . $_COOKIE['name'] . "";
        echo "<p><strong>Age:</strong> " . $_COOKIE['age'] . "</p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Email:</strong> " . $_COOKIE['email'] . "</p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Website:</strong> <a href="%22%20.%20%24_COOKIE%5B" website . target="_blank">" . $_COOKIE['website'] . "</a></p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Gender:</strong> " . $_COOKIE['gender'] . "</p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Hobbies:</strong> " . $_COOKIE['hobbies'] . "</p>";
        echo "<p><strong>Comments:</strong> " . $_COOKIE['comments'] . "</p>";
    } else {
        echo "<p>No cookie data found!</p>";
    }
    ?>

    <br><br>
    <a href="index.php">Go Back</a>

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步骤 4：删除 Cookie 数据 (delete_cookie.php)

此文件通过将 Cookie 的过期时间设置为过去来删除 Cookie。

<?php // Deleting cookies by setting their expiration time to past
setcookie("name", "", time() - 3600, "/");
setcookie("age", "", time() - 3600, "/");
setcookie("email", "", time() - 3600, "/");
setcookie("website", "", time() - 3600, "/");
setcookie("gender", "", time() - 3600, "/");
setcookie("hobbies", "", time() - 3600, "/");
setcookie("comments", "", time() - 3600, "/");
?>




    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Cookie Deleted</title>


    <h1 id="Cookies-Deleted">Cookies Deleted</h1>
    <p>All cookies have been deleted successfully.</p>
    <br><br>
    <a href="index.php">Go Back</a>

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结论

该项目演示了如何在 PHP 中使用 cookie 进行表单处理。通过实施 cookie，您可以保留用户数据并改进 Web 应用程序的功能。尝试此项目并探索 PHP 中 cookie 的更高级用例。

编码愉快！ ？

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