问题:
在配置文件中存储明文密码会带来安全风险。为了减轻这些风险,您需要对密码进行加密,同时保留其对程序的可访问性。
使用 Java 的 PBE 的解决方案:
一种可靠的方法是利用 Java 的密码基于加密(PBE)机制。这涉及从用户提供的密码和盐值生成密钥。然后使用密钥对密码进行加密。
实现:
import java.security.*; import javax.crypto.*; import javax.crypto.spec.*; public class PasswordEncryption { public static void main(String[] args) { String password = "mySecretPassword"; String salt = "someUniqueSaltValue"; int iterationCount = 40000; int keyLength = 128; // Create a secret key SecretKeySpec secretKey = createSecretKey(password.toCharArray(), salt, iterationCount, keyLength); // Encrypt the password String encryptedPassword = encrypt(password, secretKey); // Decrypt the password String decryptedPassword = decrypt(encryptedPassword, secretKey); System.out.println("Original password: " + password); System.out.println("Encrypted password: " + encryptedPassword); System.out.println("Decrypted password: " + decryptedPassword); } private static SecretKeySpec createSecretKey(char[] password, String salt, int iterationCount, int keyLength) { try { SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA512"); PBEKeySpec keySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password, salt.getBytes("UTF-8"), iterationCount, keyLength); return new SecretKeySpec(keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec).getEncoded(), "AES"); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException | UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } private static String encrypt(String password, SecretKeySpec secretKey) { try { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey); return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(password.getBytes("UTF-8"))); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException | InvalidKeyException | BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } private static String decrypt(String encryptedPassword, SecretKeySpec secretKey) { try { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey); return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedPassword))); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException | InvalidKeyException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException | BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }
安全考虑:
而PBE 增强了密码安全性,保护用于生成密钥的主密码至关重要。您可以将主密码存储在外部安全位置或在代码中对其进行混淆。此外,考虑实施速率限制或其他措施来防止暴力攻击。
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