如何在 Go 中捕获并处理恐慌？

Catching Panics in Go

In Golang, panics are exceptional conditions that can cause abnormal program termination. By default, panics halt execution, displaying a stack trace. However, it is possible to "catch" these panics and handle them gracefully.

Scenario:

Consider the following code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    file, err := os.Open(os.Args[1])
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Could not open file")
    }
    fmt.Printf("%s", file)
}

If no file argument is provided, a panic is thrown at line 9: "panic: runtime error: index out of range."

Solution:

To catch this panic, we can utilize the recover() function. recover() allows a goroutine to recover from a panic and return the value passed to the panic call.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    defer func() {
        if err := recover(); err != nil {
            fmt.Println("Error:", err)
        }
    }()

    file, err := os.Open(os.Args[1])
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("%s", file)
}

With this modification, the code can now catch the panic and handle it by printing an error message.

Caveat:

Panicking is not an ideal solution for all error handling scenarios. Go's design philosophy emphasizes explicit error checking rather than relying on panics. However, the recover() mechanism provides a way to capture unexpected panics and perform cleanup operations.

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