如何使用 Apache HttpClient 在 Java 中实现 HTTP 基本身份验证？

使用 Apache HttpClient 在 Java 中进行 HTTP 基本身份验证

在 Java 中使用 HTTP 基本身份验证非常简单。本文演示如何利用 Apache HttpClient 库使用用户名和密码实现基本身份验证。

HttpClient 3.0 实现

以下代码示例说明了 HttpClient 3.0 的实现:

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

public class HttpBasicAuth {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create an HTTP client
        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

        // Set basic authentication credentials
        client.getState().setCredentials(new AuthScope("ipaddress", 443, "realm"),
                new UsernamePasswordCredentials("test1", "test1"));

        // Create a POST method
        PostMethod post = new PostMethod("http://address/test/login");

        // Authenticate using credentials
        post.setDoAuthentication(true);

        try {
            // Execute the POST method and get the response status
            int status = client.executeMethod(post);
            System.out.println(status + "\n" + post.getResponseBodyAsString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // Release connection resources
            post.releaseConnection();
        }
    }
}

HttpClient 4.0.1 实现

对于 HttpClient 4.0.1，以下是相应的代码：

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

public class HttpBasicAuth {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // Create a default HTTP client
            DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

            // Set basic authentication credentials
            CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
            credentialsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope(AuthScope.ANY_HOST, AuthScope.ANY_PORT),
                    new UsernamePasswordCredentials("test1", "test1"));
            httpclient.setCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider);

            // Create a POST request
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://host:post/test/login");

            // Execute the POST request
            HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

            // Get the response status and content
            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
            if (entity != null) {
                System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
            }
            if (entity != null) {
                entity.consumeContent();
            }

            // Close the HTTP client
            HttpClientUtils.closeQuietly(httpclient);
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

HttpClient 4.0.1 的增强自定义

提供的答案建议对 HttpClient 4.0.1 进行增强实现，手动构造“授权”标头：

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

// ...

// Set basic authentication header
String encoding = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString((user + ":" + pwd).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
httpPost.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, "Basic " + encoding);

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