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正则表达式可以用来计算 ASCII 图像中的垂直线结构吗?

Susan Sarandon
Susan Sarandon原创
2024-11-07 22:01:03907浏览

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使用正则表达式匹配 ASCII 图像中的垂直图案

在分析 ASCII 图像或地图时,可能会出现以下情况识别特定模式变得必要。其中一种图案是由三个 X 组成的垂直线。使用正则表达式,可以有效地解决此任务。

问题 1:确定是否存在垂直线形态

确定是否存在垂直线存在三个X的形成,可以使用以下正则表达式:

(?xm)                    # ignore comments and whitespace, ^ matches beginning of line
^                        # beginning of line
(?:
    .                    # any character except \n
    (?=                  # lookahead
        .*+\n            # go to next line
        ( ?+ . )       # add a character to the 1st capturing group
        .*+\n            # next line
        ( ?+ . )       # add a character to the 2nd capturing group
    )
)*?                      # repeat as few times as needed
X .*+\n                  # X on the first line and advance to next line
?+                     # if 1st capturing group is defined, use it, consuming exactly the same number of characters as on the first line
X .*+\n                  # X on the 2nd line and advance to next line
?+                     # if 2st capturing group is defined, use it, consuming exactly the same number of characters as on the first line
X                        # X on the 3rd line

该表达式利用使用自引用捕获组进行前瞻,以计算 X 出现之前每行的字符数。如果检测到该模式,则表达式将匹配成功。

问题 2:计算垂直线形成的出现次数

而使用正则表达式直接匹配无法提供由于后视能力有限,无法准确计数垂直线的形成,因此存在间接解决方案。

通过将以下表达式的所有匹配项替换为 $3,您可以得到问题二的答案(感兴趣的模式的数量)作为结果字符串的长度:

^
(?:
    (?:                   # match .+? characters
        .
        (?=               # counting the same number on the following two lines
            .*+\n
            ( ?+ . )
            .*+\n
            ( ?+ . )
        )
    )+?
    (?<= X )              # till the above consumes an X
    (?=                   # that matches the following conditions
        .*+\n
        ?+
        (?<= X )
        .*+\n
        ?+
        (?<= X )
    )
    (?=                   # count the number of matches
        .*+\n
        ( ?+ . )        # the number of matches = length of 
    )
)*                        # repeat as long as there are matches on this line
.*\n?                     # remove the rest of the line

该表达式采用了类似的技术第一个问题,但进行了修改,将 X 包含在第一个前瞻中匹配的字符中,并用量词将其包装起来以计算匹配数。

通过将结果字符串的长度用作计数,该解决方案提供了回答第二个问题的间接方法。

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