理解工厂、工厂方法和抽象工厂设计模式之间的差异可能具有挑战性。为了澄清这一点,这里解释了每种模式及其差异:
工厂模式创建对象而不向客户端公开实例化逻辑。它通过公共接口引用新创建的对象。本质上,它简化了工厂方法模式。
工厂方法定义了一个用于创建对象的接口,允许子类决定实例化哪个类。与工厂模式类似,它使用通用接口来引用创建的对象。
抽象工厂模式提供了一个接口,用于创建一系列相关对象,而无需指定它们的具体类明确地。当您需要创建具有一致接口的多个对象时,此模式非常有用。
Pattern | Differences | When to Use |
---|---|---|
Factory | Simplified version of Factory Method | Use when you need a fixed, object-creation mechanism without subclassing. |
Factory Method | Generic base class with specific creation logic handled by subclasses | Use when you need to vary the object type based on the subclass implementation. |
Abstract Factory | Creates related objects of the same type | Use when you need to ensure consistency in creating object families for dependency injection or strategy patterns. |
工厂:
<code class="java">public class FruitFactory { public Fruit makeFruit(String type) { switch (type) { case "Apple": return new Apple(); case "Orange": return new Orange(); default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid fruit type"); } } }</code>
工厂方法:
<code class="java">abstract class FruitPicker { protected abstract Fruit makeFruit(); public void pickFruit() { Fruit fruit = makeFruit(); // Perform operations using fruit... } } class ApplePicker extends FruitPicker { @Override protected Fruit makeFruit() { return new Apple(); } } class OrangePicker extends FruitPicker { @Override protected Fruit makeFruit() { return new Orange(); } }</code>
抽象工厂:
<code class="java">interface FruitPlantFactory { public Plant makePlant(); public Picker makePicker(); } class AppleFactory implements FruitPlantFactory { @Override public Apple makePlant() { return new Apple(); } @Override public ApplePicker makePicker() { return new ApplePicker(); } } class OrangeFactory implements FruitPlantFactory { @Override public Orange makePlant() { return new Orange(); } @Override public OrangePicker makePicker() { return new OrangePicker(); } }</code>
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