快速了解 Spring Boot 如何支持 JMS

示例代码

示例代码来自此处并进行了一些修改。截至撰写本文时，使用 Spring Boot 3.3.0 (Spring Framework 6.1.8)。

完整/pom.xml

切换到 ActiveMQ 嵌入式代理

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-artemis</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>artemis-jakarta-server</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- ... -->

完整/src/main/resources/application.properties

打开调试日志记录并设置嵌入式代理 URL

#spring.artemis.mode=embedded
debug=true
spring.activemq.broker-url=vm://localhost?broker.persistent=false

complete/src/main/java/hello/Application.java

使用 Spring Boot 创建的 JmsListenerContainerFactory bean，而不是我们自己构建的

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableJms
public class Application {

    /*@Bean
    public JmsListenerContainerFactory<?> myFactory(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
                                                    DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer configurer) {
        DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory factory = new DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory();
        // This provides all auto-configured defaults to this factory, including the message converter
        configurer.configure(factory, connectionFactory);
        // You could still override some settings if necessary.
        return factory;
    }*/

    //...

}

complete/src/main/java/hello/Receiver.java

指定默认JmsListenerContainerFactory

@Component
public class Receiver {

    //@JmsListener(destination = "mailbox", containerFactory = "myFactory")
    @JmsListener(destination = "mailbox")
    public void receiveMessage(Email email) {
        System.out.println("Received <" + email + ">");
    }

}

Spring Boot自动配置日志

仅显示 JMS 相关配置。

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required classes 'jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration#activemqConnectionDetails matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionDetails; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   ActiveMQConnectionFactoryConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   ActiveMQConnectionFactoryConfiguration.SimpleConnectionFactoryConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.activemq.pool.enabled=false) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

   ActiveMQConnectionFactoryConfiguration.SimpleConnectionFactoryConfiguration.CachingConnectionFactoryConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.jms.connection.CachingConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.jms.cache.enabled=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

   JmsAnnotationDrivenConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.jms.annotation.EnableJms' (OnClassCondition)

   JmsAnnotationDrivenConfiguration#jmsListenerContainerFactory matched:
      - @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) found a single bean 'jmsConnectionFactory'; @ConditionalOnMissingBean (names: jmsListenerContainerFactory; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   JmsAnnotationDrivenConfiguration#jmsListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   JmsAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required classes 'jakarta.jms.Message', 'org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate' (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnBean (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) found bean 'jmsConnectionFactory' (OnBeanCondition)

   JmsAutoConfiguration.JmsTemplateConfiguration#jmsTemplate matched:
      - @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate (types: jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory; SearchStrategy: all) found a single bean 'jmsConnectionFactory'; @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.jms.core.JmsOperations; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   JmsAutoConfiguration.MessagingTemplateConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.jms.core.JmsMessagingTemplate' (OnClassCondition)

   JmsAutoConfiguration.MessagingTemplateConfiguration#jmsMessagingTemplate matched:
      - @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate (types: org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate; SearchStrategy: all) found a single bean 'jmsTemplate'; @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.jms.core.JmsMessageOperations; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

相关接口

Interface	Function
org.springframework.jms.support.destination.DestinationResolver	lookup jakarta.jms.Destination instance by String name
org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager	control transaction by JTA
org.springframework.jms.support.converter.MessageConverter	serialize/deserialize DTO instance
jakarta.jms.ExceptionListener	processor when jakarta.jms.JMSException throws. One implementation is SingleConnectionFactory, connection managed by that class will be restarted once exception is catched
io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry	for statistics

关于连接工厂

ActiveMQ的实现是org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory，但Spring Framework并不直接使用它。该类由 org.springframework.jms.connection.CachingConnectionFactory 包装用于以下

• 仅创建一个连接，并且该连接将被重用
• 缓存 MessageProducer 和 MessageConsumer （在此示例中，仅缓存 MessageProducer）

出版商

通过org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate
发送消息

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-artemis</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>artemis-jakarta-server</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- ... -->

JmsTemplate bean 是由 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration.JmsTemplateConfiguration#jmsTemplate 构建的。反序列化 DTO 需要 MessageConverter bean。

DestinationResolver 使用的是 org.springframework.jms.support.destination.DynamicDestinationResolver，该类只是通过调用 jakarta.jms.Destination 实例来获取 jakarta.jms.Destination 实例🎜>jakarta.jms.Session#createTopic 或 jakarta.jms.Session#createQueue

.

订户

org.springframework.jms.annotation.JmsListener注释

attribute	Function
id	prefix of thread name which run listener
containerFactory	bean name of JmsListenerContainerFactory instance
destination	the destination name for this listener
subscription	the name of the durable subscription, if any
selector	an optional message selector for this listener
concurrency	number of thread running listener

org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer 类

在 JMS 规范中，支持异步消息处理，并且侦听器在 JMS 提供者的线程下运行。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-artemis</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>
    <!--<artifactId>artemis-jakarta-server</artifactId>-->
    <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- ... -->

但是 Spring Framework 中不使用异步方法，而是使用同步 API（轮询）。实际代码位于 org.springframework.jms.support.destination.JmsDestinationAccessor#receiveFromConsumer.

#spring.artemis.mode=embedded
debug=true
spring.activemq.broker-url=vm://localhost?broker.persistent=false

org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer.AsyncMessageListenerInvoker 类用于执行定期轮询作业。这是安排在 org.springframework.core.task.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor.

为一个 @JmsListener 带注释的函数创建一个 DefaultMessageListenerContainer 实例。这是由 org.springframework.jms.config.DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactory.

生成的

当然MessageConverter和ExceptionListener实例是必要的。

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