如何修复 Laravel 5.1 使用 UNION 执行原始查询时出现的“未定义属性”错误？

在 Laravel 5.1 中执行原始查询

问题：

使用 Laravel 执行原始 MySQL 查询，包括复杂的 UNION操作，导致“未定义的属性”错误。

查询：

<code class="mysql">SELECT
    cards.id_card,
    cards.hash_card,
    cards.`table`,
    users.name,
    0 as total,
    cards.card_status,
    cards.created_at as last_update
FROM cards
LEFT JOIN users
ON users.id_user = cards.id_user
WHERE hash_card NOT IN ( SELECT orders.hash_card FROM orders )
UNION
SELECT
    cards.id_card,
    orders.hash_card,
    cards.`table`,
    users.name,
    sum(orders.quantity*orders.product_price) as total, 
    cards.card_status, 
    max(orders.created_at) last_update 
FROM menu.orders
LEFT JOIN cards
ON cards.hash_card = orders.hash_card
LEFT JOIN users
ON users.id_user = cards.id_user
GROUP BY hash_card
ORDER BY id_card ASC</code>

Laravel 尝试失败：

<code class="php">$cards = Card::selectRaw('cards.id_card, cards.hash_card ,cards.table, users.name, 0 as total, cards.card_status, cards.created_at as last_update')
                ->leftJoin('users','users.id_user','=','cards.id_user')
                ->whereNotIn( 'hash_card', Order::select('orders.hash_card')->get() )
                ->union(
                        Order::selectRaw('cards.id_card, orders.hash_card, cards.table, users.name, sum(orders.quantity*orders.product_price) as total, cards.card_status, max(orders.created_at) as last_update')
                        ->leftJoin('cards','cards.hash_card','=','orders.hash_card')
                        ->leftJoin('users','users.id_user','=','cards.id_user')
                )
                ->groupBy('hash_card')
                ->orderBy('cards.id_card','asc')
                ->get();</code>

解决方案：

使用 DB::select() 直接对数据库执行查询。

<code class="php">$cards = DB::select("SELECT
        cards.id_card,
        cards.hash_card,
        cards.`table`,
        users.name,
        0 as total,
        cards.card_status,
        cards.created_at as last_update
    FROM cards
    LEFT JOIN users
    ON users.id_user = cards.id_user
    WHERE hash_card NOT IN ( SELECT orders.hash_card FROM orders )
    UNION
    SELECT
        cards.id_card,
        orders.hash_card,
        cards.`table`,
        users.name,
        sum(orders.quantity*orders.product_price) as total, 
        cards.card_status, 
        max(orders.created_at) last_update 
    FROM menu.orders
    LEFT JOIN cards
    ON cards.hash_card = orders.hash_card
    LEFT JOIN users
    ON users.id_user = cards.id_user
    GROUP BY hash_card
    ORDER BY id_card ASC");</code>

“未定义属性”的原因" 错误：

Laravel 的 selectRaw() 方法期望查询采用 Eloquent 构建器格式，这涉及对 leftJoin() 和 whereNotIn() 等操作使用方法链。但是，构建器格式不支持 UNION 操作，必须通过 DB::select() 手动执行。

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