C# 中的数学函数

C# 中的数学库为开发人员提供了各种数学中的通用、三角、统计和对数函数和属性。这是随时可用、即插即用的库。该库继承了 C# 中的超级父类 Object 类。它驻留在系统命名空间中。

注意： 要记住的一件非常重要的事情是 Math 类中的属性和方法都是静态的，这意味着您不需要创建 Math 类的任何对象来调用它们。

C# 数学属性

让我们看看数学库中的各种数学属性。

1. E4

E 是对数底数，在数学方程中由小写字母“e”指定。此静态属性保存自然对数底的值。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("The value of logarithmic base E is " + Math.E);
}
}

输出：

2. PI

Pi，通常写作符号 p，是圆的周长与直径的比值（大约为 3.14）。这个静态常量保存 p 的值。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("The value of PI is " + Math.PI);
}
}

输出：

C# 数学函数

让我们看看我们可以使用的 C# 数学库的各种数学函数：

1. Abs-绝对函数

返回给定数字（整数、小数、浮点数等）的绝对值。任何数字的绝对值是大于或等于 0 但小于或等于该数字本身的最大可能小数值。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
int num1 = 231;
double num2 = -1.23456789;
Console.WriteLine("The absolute value of {0} is {1} ", num1,  Math.Abs(num1));
Console.WriteLine("The absolute value of {0} is {1} ", num2,  Math.Abs(num2));
}
}

输出：

2. BigMul-大乘法

此函数返回两个非常大的整数的完整乘法结果。它需要两个 32 位整数并返回 64 位乘法结果。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
int num1 = Int32.MaxValue;
Console.WriteLine("Multiplication of {0}x{0} without Math function - {1}",num1, num1*num1);
Console.WriteLine("Multiplication of {0}x{0} by Math BigMul function - {1}",num1, Math.BigMul(num1, num1));
}
}

输出：

3.地板和天花板

floor()和ceiling()函数返回指定数字的下限和上限值。任何数字的下限值是小于或等于该数字本身的最大整数。任何数字的上限都是大于或等于该数字本身的最小整数。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
double num1 = 548.65;
Console.WriteLine("Floor value of {0} is {1}", num1, Math.Floor(num1));
Console.WriteLine("Ceil value of {0} is {1}", num1, Math.Ceiling(num1));
}
}

输出：

4. Sin、Cos 和 Tan

这些三角函数提供指定角度的正弦、余弦和正切值。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
double angle = 120.5;
Console.WriteLine("Sine value of {0} is {1}", angle, Math.Sin(angle));
Console.WriteLine("Cosine value of {0} is {1}", angle,Math.Cos(angle));
Console.WriteLine("Tangent value of {0} is {1}", angle, Math.Tan(angle));
}
}

输出：

5. Sinh、Cosh 和 Tanh – 夸张

这些三角函数提供指定角度的双曲正弦、余弦和正切值。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
double angle = 120.5;
Console.WriteLine("Hyperbolic Sine value of {0} is {1}", angle, Math.Sinh(angle));
Console.WriteLine("Hyperbolic Cosine value of {0} is {1}", angle, Math.Cosh(angle));
Console.WriteLine("Hyperbolic Tangent value of {0} is {1}", angle,Math.Tanh(angle));
}
}

输出：

6.阿辛、阿科斯和阿坦

这些三角函数返回指定数字为正弦、余弦或正切值的角度。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
double value = 1;
Console.WriteLine("The angle of sin({0}) is {1}", value, Math.Asin(value));
Console.WriteLine("The angle of cos({0}) is {1}", value, Math.Acos(value));
Console.WriteLine("The angle of tan({0}) is {1}", value, Math.Atan(value));
}
}

输出：

7. DivRem – 除法与余数

该函数计算两个整数相除的结果。结果不以小数值形式返回。相反，商作为函数的返回值返回，余数作为输出参数。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
int divisor = 8;
int dividend = 45;
int remainder = 0;
int quotient = Math.DivRem(dividend, divisor, out remainder);
Console.WriteLine("{0} divided by {1} results in {2} as the quotient and {3} as the remainder.", dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder);
}
}

输出：

8. Exp-指数

exp 函数返回 e 指定数字的幂。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
int power = 4;
Console.WriteLine("{0} to the power of {1} is {2}.", Math.E, power, Math.Exp(power));
}
}

输出：

9. Log、Log2 和 Log10-对数

log 函数返回指定数字到指定底数的对数。如果未指定底数，则默认底数为 e，得出自然对数。

注意： Log2 是在 .Net Core 中引入的。此方法在 .Net Framework 中不可用。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
double num1 = 4.5;
int new_base = 12;
Console.WriteLine("Log({0}) to the base 'e' is {1}.", num1, Math.Log(num1));
Console.WriteLine("Log({0}) to the base 10 is {1}.", num1,Math.Log10(num1));
Console.WriteLine("Log({0}) to the base 2 is {1}.", num1,Math.Log(num1, 2));
Console.WriteLine("Log({0}) to the base {1} is {2}.", num1,new_base, Math.Log(num1, new_base));
}
}

输出：

10。最小和最大

这些函数比较提供的两个数字并返回两个数字中较小的数字或较大的数字。

代码：

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
double num1 = 4.5;
double num2 = -3.4;
int num3 = 981;
int num4 = 123;
Console.WriteLine("Minimum of {0} and {1} is {2}.", num1, num2,Math.Min(num1, num2));
Console.WriteLine("Maximum of {0} and {1} is {2}.", num1, num2,Math.Max(num1, num2));
Console.WriteLine("Minimum of {0} and {1} is {2}.", num3, num4,Math.Min(num3, num4));
Console.WriteLine("Maximum of {0} and {1} is {2}.", num3, num4,Math.Max(num3, num4));
}
}

输出：

11. Pow-Power

The pow() function returns the specified number to the specified power.

Code:

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
int num1 = 11;
double num2 = 3.4;
Console.WriteLine("{0} to the power {1} is {2}.", num1, num2, Math.Pow(num1, num2));
Console.WriteLine("The cube of {0} is {1}.", num1, Math.Pow(num1, 3));
}
}

Output:

12. Round

The round() function, as the name suggests, rounds the specified number to the nearest integer or specified decimal places after the integer.

There are a few important variations of round() function. It takes either two or three arguments.

1. The first argument is the number to be rounded.
2. The second argument is the number of digits after the decimal point. If this is not specified, the number is rounded to the nearest integer.
3. The third argument is the mode of rounding. This is an enumeration of two values derived accessed from the enum MidpointRounding.

The two modes are:

• AwayFromZero: When a number falls halfway between two numbers, it is rounded to the nearest number which is farther from zero.
• ToEven: When a number falls halfway between two numbers, it is rounded to the nearest even number.

If not specified, the mode AwayFromZero is the default mode.

Code:

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
double num1 = 2.45;
double num2 = 24.5;
Console.WriteLine("{0} rounded to the nearest integer is {1}", num1, Math.Round(num1));
Console.WriteLine("{0} rounded to the nearest single-point decimal is {1}", num1, Math.Round(num1, 1));
Console.WriteLine("{0} rounded to the nearest single-point decimal away from zero is {1}", num1, Math.Round(num1, 1, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
Console.WriteLine("{0} rounded to the nearest single-point decimal to even is {1}", num1, Math.Round(num1, 1, MidpointRounding.ToEven));
Console.WriteLine("\n{0} rounded to the nearest integer away from zero is {1}", num2, Math.Round(num2, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
Console.WriteLine("{0} rounded to the nearest integer to even is {1}", num2, Math.Round(num2, MidpointRounding.ToEven));
}
}

Output:

13. Sqrt-Square Root

This function returns the square root of the given number.

Code:

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
int num1 = 196;
double num2 = 404.1;
Console.WriteLine("Square root of {0} is {1}.", num1,Math.Sqrt(num1));
Console.WriteLine("Square root of {0} is {1}.", num2, Math.Sqrt(num2));
}
}

Output:

14. Truncate

The truncate function returns an integral part of the specified number. So, in simple terms, it discards anything after the decimal point and returns everything before the decimal point.

Note: Note that this is different from Round function. The round function returns an integer nearest to the number. It may be an integer greater than the number itself. Whereas, Truncate function would always return the integer part of the number as is. E.g. – Round(4.9) results in 5. Truncate(4.9) results in 4.

Code:

using System;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
double num1 = 404.92;
Console.WriteLine("Truncated value of {0} is {1}.", num1, Math.Truncate(num1));
Console.WriteLine("Rounded-off value of {0} is {1}.", num1, Math.Round(num1));
}
}

Output:

Conclusion

This article covered almost all the mathematical functions provided in the C# Math library. This library proves to be very useful due to the plug-n-play mathematical properties and functions, thereby making development easier.

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