Java动画

Java 中的动画需要两个基本步骤，创建动画帧，然后允许 Java 为该帧着色。 Applet、AWT、Swing 和 JavaFX 都可以做 Java 动画。 Applet 动画适用于浏览器兼容的应用程序，而 AWT、Swing 和 JavaFX 是独立的应用程序。实际上，大多数应用程序都是独立的。因此，我们将使用 JavaFX 处理我们的动画。

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为什么选择 JavaFX 为什么不选择 AWT 和 Swing？

AWT 拥有重量级组件，而 Swing 没有现代 UI。因此，我们考虑了 JavaFX 动画。它是轻量级且先进的现代 UI 组件，使我们的开发更加轻松。

JavaFX 中的动画类型：

1. 旋转过渡
2. 尺度转换
3. 翻译过渡
4. 淡入淡出过渡
5. 填充过渡
6. 笔画过渡
7. 顺序转换
8. 并行过渡
9. 暂停过渡
10. 路径转换

JavaFX 动画在 Java 中如何工作？

JavaFX动画包是一个包含所有动画类的动画。因此，当我们应用动画时，我们必须导入它们。将动画应用到我们的班级；我们必须扩展动画类。该动画类包含所有必需的动画包。

1.旋转过渡

这个动画提供了旋转功能。包是animation.RotateTransition

语法：

RotateTransition rotate = new RotateTransition();  //creating object for Rotate Transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

2.尺度转换

这个动画使物体在X、Y、Z三个方向上移动。封装为animation.ScaleTransition

语法：

ScaleTransition rotate = new ScaleTransition();  //creating object for scale transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

3.翻译过渡

此动画以固定的时间间隔将对象从一个位置移动到另一个位置。包是animation.TranslateTransition

语法：

TranslateTransition rotate = new TranslateTransition();  //creating object for Translate transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

4.淡入淡出过渡

此动画通过指定不透明度值使对象变得暗淡。包是animation.FadeTransition

语法：

FadeTransition rotate = new FadeTransition();  //creating object for fade transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

5.填充过渡

此动画通过指定时间间隔使对象依次填充两种颜色。封装的是animation.FillTransition

语法：

FillTransition rotate = new FillTransition();  //creating object for fill transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

示例

让我们看看下面给出的java动画示例：

示例 #1 – 旋转过渡

代码：

package com.rotate.transition;
import javafx.animation.RotateTransition;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Polygon;
import javafx.scene.transform.Rotate;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class RotateTransitionAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage outStage) throws Exception {
Polygon traingle = new Polygon();// Creating triangle
Double[] doubleValues=new Double[] { 5.0, 5.0, 20.0, 10.0, 10.0, 20.0 };
traingle.getPoints().addAll(doubleValues);
traingle.setFill(Color.LIMEGREEN);
traingle.setStroke(Color.HOTPINK);
traingle.setStrokeWidth(5);
RotateTransition rotateTransition = new RotateTransition();// Creating object for Rotate Transition class
rotateTransition.setAxis(Rotate.Z_AXIS);// Set Axis rotation in Z axis
rotateTransition.setByAngle(360);// Set angle rotation 360 degrees
rotateTransition.setCycleCount(500);// Set cycle count rotation 500
rotateTransition.setDuration(Duration.millis(1000));// Set time duration for change the object
rotateTransition.setAutoReverse(true);//auto reverse activation
rotateTransition.setNode(traingle);//applying rotate transition on triangle
rotateTransition.play();// applying rotation by play method
Group root = new Group(); //creating group for adding elements
root.getChildren().add(traingle); //adding triangle to group
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 700, 500, Color.BLACK);//creating scene
outStage.setScene(scene);//adding scene to stage for display window
outStage.setTitle("Triangle Rotate Transition");
outStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);//launch method calls start() method internally
}
}

输出：

这样，三角形就旋转了。

示例 #2 – 尺度转换

代码：

package com.scale.transition;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.animation.ScaleTransition;
import javafx.application.Application;
public class ScaleTransitionAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
Circle circle = new Circle(); // Creating Circle
circle.setCenterX(280.0f);// position in X direction
circle.setCenterY(125.0f);// position in Y direction
circle.setRadius(40.0f);// circle radius
circle.setFill(Color.AQUAMARINE);// circle color
circle.setStrokeWidth(21);// stroke width of circle
ScaleTransition scaleTransition = new ScaleTransition();// creating
// object for
// scale
// transition
scaleTransition.setDuration(Duration.millis(2000));// set time duration
scaleTransition.setNode(circle);// applying rotate transition node on
// circle
scaleTransition.setByY(1.5);// Y direction movement
scaleTransition.setByX(1.5);// X direction movement
scaleTransition.setCycleCount(55);// Set cycle count rotation 55
scaleTransition.setAutoReverse(true);// auto reverse activation
scaleTransition.play();// applying rotate transition on circle
Group root = new Group(); // creating group for adding elements
root.getChildren().add(circle); // adding triangle to group
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 500, Color. AZURE);// creating scene
stage.setScene(scene);// adding scene to stage for display window
stage.setTitle("Circle Scale Transition");
stage.show();
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
launch(args);
}
}

输出：

这样，圆就会缩放。

示例 #3 – 翻译转换

代码：

package com.translate.transition;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.animation.TranslateTransition;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
public class TranslateTransitionAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage outStage) throws Exception {
Rectangle square = new Rectangle(50, 50); // Creating square
square.setFill(Color.AQUA); // square border color
square.setStroke(Color.BLUEVIOLET);// square area color
TranslateTransition translateTranstion = new TranslateTransition();// creating object for Translate transition
translateTranstion.setByY(350);// movement in Y direction
translateTranstion.setDuration(Duration.millis(1500));// time duration
translateTranstion.setCycleCount(450);// Set cycle count rotation 450
translateTranstion.setAutoReverse(true);// auto reverse activation
translateTranstion.setNode(square);// applying rotate transition node on square
translateTranstion.play();// applying rotate transition on circle
Group root = new Group(); // creating group for adding elements
root.getChildren().add(square); // adding square to group
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 500, Color.CHOCOLATE);// creating scene
outStage.setScene(scene);// adding scene to stage for display window
outStage.setTitle("Square Translate Transition");
outStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

输出：

这是如何平方缩放过渡移动。

示例 #4 – 淡入淡出过渡

代码：

package com.fade.transition;
import javafx.animation.FadeTransition;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Ellipse;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class FadeTransitionAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage outStage) throws Exception {
Ellipse ellipse = new Ellipse();  // Creating Ellipse object
ellipse.setCenterX(300.0f); //setting ellipse center distance in X direction
ellipse.setCenterY(150.0f); //setting ellipse center distance in Y direction
ellipse.setRadiusX(150.0f); //setting radius in X direction
ellipse.setRadiusY(75.0f);//setting radius in y direction
ellipse.setFill(Color.AQUA); // ellipse border color
ellipse.setStroke(Color.BLUEVIOLET);// ellipse area color
FadeTransition fadeTransition = new FadeTransition();// creating Fade transition object
fadeTransition.setDuration(Duration.millis(5000));// time duration
fadeTransition.setFromValue(10);//setting opacity value for fading
fadeTransition.setToValue(0.1);
fadeTransition.setCycleCount(900);// Set cycle count rotation 900
fadeTransition.setAutoReverse(true);// auto reverse activation
fadeTransition.setNode(ellipse);// applying fade transition node on ellipse
fadeTransition.play();// applying fade transition on ellipse
Group root = new Group(); // creating group for adding elements
root.getChildren().add(ellipse); // adding ellipse to group
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 500, Color.CHOCOLATE);// creating scene
outStage.setScene(scene);// adding scene to stage for display window
outStage.setTitle("Ellipse Fade Transition");
outStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

输出：

这样，淡入淡出过渡就发生了。

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