队列数据结构采用先进先出(FIFO)原则。它用于按照到达顺序保存要处理的对象;这与排队的人非常相似。由于Java以Collection接口的形式提供了对数据结构的大量支持,因此队列是Collection接口中可用的接口。它扩展了 Collection 接口。它在 Java.util 包中提供,并支持 Collection 接口中可用的所有操作,以及一些额外的提取、插入和检查操作。
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语法:
Interface Queue<E>
队列是一个接口,而不是一个类,因此不能直接实例化。该声明表明队列接受类似于集合的通用值,并且我们可以将任何对象传递给它。 Java有多种Queue接口的实现,我们在使用Queue时可以使用它们。它们是 LinkedList 和 PriorityQueue。
队列可以声明如下:
Queue< Object > q = new LinkedList<>();
Queue< Object > q = new PriorityQueue<>();
Java 中的队列成员类型
以下是队列中可用的所有方法:
Returns special value | Throws exception | |
Insert | offer(e) | add(e) |
Remove | poll() | remove() |
Examine | peek() | element() |
So as explained, two types of methods throw an exception and return a special value. There are three types of operation in this kind of operation: insertion, the second is removal, and the third is retrieval or examination. In the case of the remove operation, an object will be removed from the queue. Still, in the case of examination, the object will be returned without actually removing from the queue.
Given below are the different examples of Queue in Java:
Code:
import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
Note here that the order of insertion is the same with output from left to write.
Code:
import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); while (!q.isEmpty()) { System.out.print(q.remove() + " "); } System.out.println(""); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
Here, we have used the function isEmpty() to check when the queue becomes empty after removing elements. The removal order is the same as per the insertion. After removing all the elements, we printed the queue and obtained an empty bracket at the end.
Code:
import java.util.PriorityQueue; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new PriorityQueue<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); while (!q.isEmpty()) { System.out.print(q.remove() + " "); } System.out.println(""); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
Here, we have used PriorityQueue, which will hold and return the elements depending upon the elements’ natural ordering or upon the comparator, if any passed. Note the insertion order and removal orders are not the same. The removal is based totally on the value of elements.
Code:
import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); System.out.println( q.peek() ); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
Note here that we have used the peek() function, which will return the head of the queue without actually removing it. We printed the queue after performing the peek operation, and you can observe that the head element, which is 5, remains unchanged in the queue.
Code:
import java.util.PriorityQueue; import java.util.Queue; public class QueueOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { Queue<Integer> q = new PriorityQueue<Integer> (); q.add(5); q.add(2); q.add(1); q.add(4); q.add(3); System.out.println(q); System.out.println( q.peek() ); System.out.println(q); } }
Output:
This is similar to the previous example’s LinkedList operation, but note the head element is 1 because it’s a PriorityQueue.
Java utilizes the Queue interface as a means to maintain elements in insertion order. It supports operations like insertion, retrieval, and removal. There are alternative methods available for all the methods. We have seen examples of the most commonly used methods in queue operation.
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