接口隔离原则

任何客户端都不应被迫依赖于它不使用的方法

考虑办公空间的示例，其中使用对象表示各种输出设备

接口隔离原则之前:

IMultiFunction 接口

/**
 * @ImultiFunction interface has methods related to all output devices present in office space
 * for devices like Printer, Scanner, Fax machines, etc
*/
public interface IMultiFunction {
    public void print();
    public void getPrintSpoolDetails();
    public void scan();
    public void scanPhoto();
    public void fax();
    public void internetFax();
}

现在为各种设备实现上述通用接口

具有所有功能的 XeroxWorkCenter 类

/**
 * 
 * You must have seen Xerox work station device which has all the features in one like printing, scanning, xerox,
 * fax etc
*/
public class XeroxWorkCenter implements IMultiFunction {

    @Override
    public void print() {
        // real printing code
    }

    @Override
    public void getPrintSpoolDetails() {
        // real get print spool details code
    }

    @Override
    public void scan() {
        // read scanning code
    }

    @Override
    public void scanPhoto() {
        // real scan photo code 
    }

    @Override
    public void fax() {
        // real fax code
    }

    @Override
    public void internetFax() {
        // real internet fax code
    }

}

HpPrinterNScanner 类具有打印和扫描功能

public class HpPrinterNScanner implements IMultiFunction {

    @Override
    public void print() {
        // real printing code
    }

    @Override
    public void getPrintSpoolDetails() {
        // real get print spool details code
    }

    @Override
    public void scan() {
        // read scanning code
    }

    @Override
    public void scanPhoto() {
        // real scan photo code 
    }

    //Since HpPrinterNScanner has only printing and scanning abilities fax() and internetFax() will have empty body
    @Override
    public void fax() {}

    @Override
    public void internetFax() {}

}

CanonPrinter 类仅具有打印功能

public class CanonPrinter implements IMultiFunction {

    @Override
    public void print() {
        // real printing code
    }

    @Override
    public void getPrintSpoolDetails() {
        // real get print spool details code
    }

    //Since the CanonPrinter has only printing ability rest of the method will have an empty body
    @Override
    public void scan() {}

    @Override
    public void scanPhoto() {}

    @Override
    public void fax() {}

    @Override
    public void internetFax() {}

}

ISP违规识别技术

• 胖接口（具有两个多个方法声明的接口）
• 低内聚的接口（具有不太可能彼此相关的方法的接口）
• *空方法实现*（当类被迫实现它们不使用的方法时，它们将方法的实现保留为空白）

接口隔离原则之后：

public interface IPrint {
    public void print();
    public void getPrintSpoolDetails();
}

public interface IScan {
    public void scan();
    public void scanPhoto();
}

public interface IFax {
    public void fax();
    public void internetFax();
}

/**
 * 
 * You must have seen the Xerox workstation device which has all the features in one like printing, scanning, xerox, fax, etc.
*/
public class XeroxWorkCenter implements IPrint,IScan,IFax {

    @Override
    public void print() {
        // real printing code
    }

    @Override
    public void getPrintSpoolDetails() {
        // real get print spool details code
    }

    @Override
    public void scan() {
        // read scanning code
    }

    @Override
    public void scanPhoto() {
        // real scan photo code ̰
    }

    @Override
    public void fax() {
        // real fax code
    }

    @Override
    public void internetFax() {
        // real internet fax code
    }

}

public class HpPrinterNScanner implements IPrint,IScan {

    @Override
    public void print() {
        // real printing code
    }

    @Override
    public void getPrintSpoolDetails() {
        // real get print spool details code
    }

    @Override
    public void scan() {
        // read scanning code
    }

    @Override
    public void scanPhoto() {
        // real scan photo code 
    }
}

public class CanonPrinter implements IPrint {

    @Override
    public void print() {
        // real printing code
    }

    @Override
    public void getPrintSpoolDetails() {
        // real get print spool details code
    } 
}

每个接口都有一个单一的职责，并且现在更加干净。

ISP 与其他 SOLID 原则的关系

单一责任
将接口划分为不同的接口后，现在所有接口（例如 IPrint、IScan）都有一个单一的职责

里氏替换
由于隔离，现在所有类（实现接口）都遵循里氏替换，因为所有子类型或实现类都可以用它们的接口引用变量替换

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