命令模式将操作封装为独立对象,与对象解耦,提升代码扩展性和重用性。在 Java 框架中,它常见于 MVC 架构、Servlet 过滤器、事务管理和消息处理中。实操示例展示了如何使用 Java 实现命令模式,通过遥控器控制客厅和厨房灯的开关。
Java 框架中命令模式的应用场景
命令模式是一种设计模式,它允许你将操作封装成单独的对象。这使得你可以将操作与请求操作的对象解耦。这对于创建可扩展和可重用的代码非常有用。
在 Java 框架中,命令模式用于各种场景,包括:
实战案例
以下是一个使用 Java 实现命令模式的简单示例:
interface Command { void execute(); } class LightOnCommand implements Command { private final Light light; public LightOnCommand(Light light) { this.light = light; } @Override public void execute() { light.turnOn(); } } class LightOffCommand implements Command { private final Light light; public LightOffCommand(Light light) { this.light = light; } @Override public void execute() { light.turnOff(); } } class Light { public void turnOn() { System.out.println("Light turned on."); } public void turnOff() { System.out.println("Light turned off."); } } class RemoteControl { private final Command[] onCommands; private final Command[] offCommands; public RemoteControl() { onCommands = new Command[7]; offCommands = new Command[7]; Command noCommand = new NoCommand(); for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { onCommands[i] = noCommand; offCommands[i] = noCommand; } } public void setCommand(int slot, Command onCommand, Command offCommand) { onCommands[slot] = onCommand; offCommands[slot] = offCommand; } public void onButtonWasPressed(int slot) { onCommands[slot].execute(); } public void offButtonWasPressed(int slot) { offCommands[slot].execute(); } private class NoCommand implements Command { @Override public void execute() {} } } public class CommandPatternDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl(); Light livingRoomLight = new Light(); Light kitchenLight = new Light(); LightOnCommand livingRoomLightOnCommand = new LightOnCommand(livingRoomLight); LightOffCommand livingRoomLightOffCommand = new LightOffCommand(livingRoomLight); LightOnCommand kitchenLightOnCommand = new LightOnCommand(kitchenLight); LightOffCommand kitchenLightOffCommand = new LightOffCommand(kitchenLight); remoteControl.setCommand(0, livingRoomLightOnCommand, livingRoomLightOffCommand); remoteControl.setCommand(1, kitchenLightOnCommand, kitchenLightOffCommand); remoteControl.onButtonWasPressed(0); remoteControl.offButtonWasPressed(0); remoteControl.onButtonWasPressed(1); remoteControl.offButtonWasPressed(1); } }
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