MySQL DATE_FORMATE函数内置字符集的坑

可以看到，随着通过 SET NAMES 修改 character_set_connection、collation_connection 值，DATE_FORMAT() 函数返回结果的字符集也

帮同事处理一个SQL（简化过后的）执行报错：

mysql> select date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d') > timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20'); ERROR 1267 (HY000): Illegal mix of collations (utf8_general_ci,COERCIBLE) and (latin1_swedish_ci,NUMERIC) for operation '>'

乍一看挺莫名其妙的，查了下手册，，发现有这么一段：

The language used for day and month names and abbreviations is controlled by the value of the lc_time_names system variable (Section 9.7, “MySQL Server Locale Support”). The DATE_FORMAT() returns a string with a character set and collation given by character_set_connection and collation_connection so that it can return month and weekday names containing non-ASCII characters.

也就是说，DATE_FORMATE() 函数返回的结果是带有字符集/校验集属性的，而 TIMEDIFF() 函数则没有字符集/校验集属性，我们来验证一下：

mysql> set names utf8; mysql> select charset(date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d')), charset(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20')); -------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- | charset(date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d')) | charset(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20')) | -------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- | utf8 | binary | -------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- mysql> set names gb2312; mysql> select charset(date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d')), charset(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20')); -------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- | charset(date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d')) | charset(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20')) | -------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- | gb2312 | binary | -------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------

可以看到，随着通过 SET NAMES 修改 character_set_connection、collation_connection 值，DATE_FORMAT() 函数返回结果的字符集也跟着不一样。在这种情况下，想要正常工作，就需要将结果进行一次字符集转换，例如：

mysql> select date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d') > convert(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20') using utf8); ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | date_format('2013-11-19','Y-m-d') > convert(timediff('2013-11-19', '2013-11-20') using utf8) | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 1 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

就可以了

P.S，MySQL的版本：5.5.20-55-log Percona Server (GPL), Release rel24.1, Revision 217