增強使用者模型

Question

我正在嘗試使用另一個表（個人資料）擴展用戶模型以獲取個人資料圖片、位置等。

我可以重寫使用者模型的 index() 函數來做到這一點嗎？

目前型號代碼：

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable;

    protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'email',
        'password',
        'user_group'
    ];

    protected $hidden = [
        'password',
        'remember_token',
    ];

    protected $casts = [
        'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
    ];
}

Answer 1

您想要做的是在User 模型和新的Profile 模型之間建立關係。為此，您首先需要建立一個模型 Profile 及其關聯的 Tabble profiles

php artisan make:model Profile --migration

在database\migrations中應該有一個名為2022_11_28_223831_create_profiles_table.php

#的文件

現在您需要新增一個外鍵來指示此設定檔屬於哪個使用者。

public function up()
{
    Schema::create('profiles', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        // $table->string('path_to_picture')
        // user id
        $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

現在在您的使用者模型中加入以下函數

public function profile()
{
    return $this->hasOne(Profile::class);
}

在您的個人資料模型中

public function user()
{
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}

運行php artisan migrate，一切都應該按預期工作

如果您想測試關係是否如預期運作，請建立一個新的測試案例

php artisan make:test ProfileUserRelationTest

#在tests\Feature\ProfileUserRelationTest.php

#

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithFaker;
use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Profile;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;

class ProfileUserRelationTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;
    public function test_the_relation_between_user_and_profile_works()
    {
        $user = User::create([
            'name' => 'John Doe',
            'email' => 'jd@example.com',
            'password' => Hash::make('password'),
        ]);
        $profile = new Profile();
        $profile->user_id = $user->id;
        $profile->save();

        $this->assertEquals($user->id, $profile->user->id);
        $this->assertEquals($user->name, $profile->user->name);
        $this->assertEquals($profile->id, $user->profile->id);
    }
}

現在您可以執行 php artisan test 來查看是否一切正常。

小心這會刷新您的資料庫！ 所以不要在生產中進行測試。

輸出應該是這樣的

PASS  Tests\Unit\ExampleTest
  ✓ that true is true

   PASS  Tests\Feature\ExampleTest
  ✓ the application returns a successful response

   PASS  Tests\Feature\ProfileUserRelationTest
  ✓ the relation between user and profile works

  Tests:  3 passed
  Time:   0.35s

了解有關 Laravel 中關係的更多資訊：https://laravel.com/docs/ 9.x/雄辯關係

了解更多有關遷移的資訊：https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/遷移

替代方案

$user = User::create([
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'jd@example.com',
    'password' => Hash::make('password'),
]);

$user->profile()->create(...); // replace the ... with the things you want to insert you dont need to add the user_id since it will automatically added it. It will still work like the one above.