php小編香蕉今天要為大家介紹如何重寫 Pop() 方法。在程式設計中,Pop() 方法用於刪除並傳回數組的最後一個元素。然而,有時我們需要對Pop()方法進行自訂,以滿足特定需求。透過重寫Pop()方法,我們可以加入額外的邏輯或修改傳回的元素,從而更好地適應我們的程式碼。本文將詳細介紹如何重寫Pop()方法,並給予一些例子來幫助理解。讓我們開始吧!
在go的安裝下,他們在container/heap/example_pq_test.go
中有一個優先權佇列的範例
我貼上整個文件的內容,以便我可以詢問 pop() 方法。
// copyright 2012 the go authors. all rights reserved. // use of this source code is governed by a bsd-style // license that can be found in the license file. // this example demonstrates a priority queue built using the heap interface. package heap_test import ( "container/heap" "fmt" ) // an item is something we manage in a priority queue. type item struct { value string // the value of the item; arbitrary. priority int // the priority of the item in the queue. // the index is needed by update and is maintained by the heap.interface methods. index int // the index of the item in the heap. } // a priorityqueue implements heap.interface and holds items. type priorityqueue []*item func (pq priorityqueue) len() int { return len(pq) } func (pq priorityqueue) less(i, j int) bool { // we want pop to give us the highest, not lowest, priority so we use greater than here. return pq[i].priority > pq[j].priority } func (pq priorityqueue) swap(i, j int) { pq[i], pq[j] = pq[j], pq[i] pq[i].index = i pq[j].index = j } func (pq *priorityqueue) push(x any) { n := len(*pq) item := x.(*item) item.index = n *pq = append(*pq, item) } func (pq *priorityqueue) pop() any { old := *pq n := len(old) item := old[n-1] old[n-1] = nil // avoid memory leak item.index = -1 // for safety *pq = old[0 : n-1] return item } // update modifies the priority and value of an item in the queue. func (pq *priorityqueue) update(item *item, value string, priority int) { item.value = value item.priority = priority heap.fix(pq, item.index) } // this example creates a priorityqueue with some items, adds and manipulates an item, // and then removes the items in priority order. func example_priorityqueue() { // some items and their priorities. items := map[string]int{ "banana": 3, "apple": 2, "pear": 4, } // create a priority queue, put the items in it, and // establish the priority queue (heap) invariants. pq := make(priorityqueue, len(items)) i := 0 for value, priority := range items { pq[i] = &item{ value: value, priority: priority, index: i, } i++ } heap.init(&pq) // insert a new item and then modify its priority. item := &item{ value: "orange", priority: 1, } heap.push(&pq, item) pq.update(item, item.value, 5) // take the items out; they arrive in decreasing priority order. for pq.len() > 0 { item := heap.pop(&pq).(*item) fmt.printf("%.2d:%s ", item.priority, item.value) } // output: // 05:orange 04:pear 03:banana 02:apple }
如果我有以下的 pop() 方法(不建立原始切片的深層副本),可能會帶來什麼危害或是否存在謬誤
func (pq *PriorityQueue) Pop2() any { n := len(*pq) item := (*pq)[n-1] (*pq)[n-1] = nil // avoid memory leak item.index = -1 // for safety *pq = (*pq)[: n-1] return item }
我相信原始的 pop()
方法,這一行為切片 old := *pq
建立一個深層副本(分配一個新的底層陣列)。這是真的嗎?
make
函數建立的對象,這裡是map
和slice
,更像是指向資料位置的指針,而不是數據本身。
So old := *pq
的行為更像是別名,而不是資料複製。
以上是重寫 Pop() 方法的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!