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在 Ubuntu 16.04 上配置 Bro：網路分析的有力工具

王林

Jan 04, 2024 am 11:36 AM

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導讀	Bro 是一個開源的網路分析框架，專注於網路安全監控。這是一項長達 15 年的研究成果，被各大學、研究實驗室、超級電腦中心和許多開放科學界廣泛使用。它主要由柏克萊國際電腦科學研究所和伊利諾大學厄巴納-香檳分校的國家超級電腦應用中心所開發。

网络分析利器：在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装 Bro
# Bro 的功能包括：

Bro 的腳本語言支援針對網站自訂監控策略
針對高效能網路
分析器支援許多協議，可以在應用層面實現高級語義分析
它保留了其所監控的網路的豐富的應用層統計資訊
Bro 能夠與其他應用程式介面即時地交換資訊
它的日誌全面地記錄了一切信息，並提供網絡活動的高級存檔

本教學將介紹如何從原始碼構建，並在 Ubuntu 16.04 伺服器上安裝 Bro。

準備工作

Bro 有許多依賴檔:

Libpcap (http://www.tcpdump.org)
OpenSSL 函式庫 (http://www.openssl.org)
BIND8 函式庫
Libz
Bash (BroControl 所需)
Python 2.6 (BroControl 所需)

從原始碼建置還需要：

CMake 2.8
Make
GCC 4.8 or Clang 3.3
SWIG
GNU Bison
Flex
Libpcap headers
OpenSSL headers
zlib headers

開始

首先，透過執行以下命令來安裝所有必要的依賴項：

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span> <span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">apt-get</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> install cmake </span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">make</span> <span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">gcc</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> g</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">++</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> flex bison libpcap</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">-</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dev libssl</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">-</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dev python</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">-</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dev swig zlib1g</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">-</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dev</span>

安裝定位 IP 地理位置的 GeoIP 資料庫

Bro 使用 GeoIP 的定位地理位置。安裝 IPv4 和 IPv6 版本：

<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">$ </span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">wget</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> http</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">:</span><span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">//geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLiteCity.dat.gz</span>
<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">$wget http</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">:</span><span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">//geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/GeoLiteCityv6-beta/GeoLiteCityv6.dat.gz</span>

解壓縮這兩個壓縮套件：

<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">$ gzip </span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">-</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">d </span><span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">GeoLiteCity</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dat</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">gz</span>
<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">$ gzip </span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">-</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">d </span><span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">GeoLiteCityv6</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dat</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">gz</span>

將解壓縮後的檔案移到

/usr/share/GeoIP

目錄下：

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> mvGeoLiteCity</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dat </span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">usr</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">share</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">GeoIP</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">GeoIPCity</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dat</span>
<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span> <span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">mv</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">GeoLiteCityv6</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dat </span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">usr</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">share</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">GeoIP</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">GeoIPCityv6</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">dat</span>

現在，可以從原始碼建置 Bro 了。

建構 Bro

最新的 Bro 開發版本可以透過 "git"倉庫取得。執行以下命令：

$ git clone --recursive git://git.bro.org/bro

轉到克隆下來的目錄，然後使用以下命令就可以簡單地建立 Bro：

<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">$ </span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">cd</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> bro</span>
<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">$ </span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">./</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">configure</span>
<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">$ </span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">make</span>
make

命令需要一些時間來建立一切。確切的時間取決於伺服器的效能。
可以使用一些參數來執行"configure" 腳本，以指定要建置的依賴關係，特別是"--with-*"選項。

安裝 Bro

在複製的 "bro" 目錄中執行：

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span> <span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">make</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> install</span>

預設安裝路徑為"/usr/local/bro"。

配置 Bro

Bro 的設定檔位於 "/usr/local/bro/etcV 目錄下。這裡有三個檔案:

node.cfg，用於設定要監視的單一節點（或多個節點）。
broctl.cfg，BroControl 的設定檔。
networks.cgf，包含一個使用 CIDR 標記法表示的網路清單。

設定郵件設定

#開啟 "broctl.cfg"設定檔:

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> $EDITOR </span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">usr</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">local</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">bro</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">etc</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">broctl</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">cfg</span>

檢視 "Mail Options"選項，並編輯 "MailTo" 列如下:

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Recipient</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> address </span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">for</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> emails sent out by </span><span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Bro</span> <span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">and</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">BroControl</span>
<span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">MailTo</span> <span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">=</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> admin@example</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">com</span>

儲存並關閉。還有許多其他選項，但在大多數情況下，預設值就足夠好了。

選擇要監視的節點

#開箱即用，Bro 被配置為以獨立模式運作。在本教程中，我們就是做一個獨立的安裝，所以沒有必要改變。但是，也請查看 "node.cfg"設定檔：

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> $EDITOR </span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">usr</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">local</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">bro</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">etc</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">node</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">cfg</span>

在 "[bro]" 部分，你應該看到這樣的東西：

<span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">[</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">bro</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">]</span>
<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">type</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">=</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">standalone</span>
<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">host</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">=</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">localhost</span>
<span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">interface</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">=</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">eth0</span>

請確保"inferface" 與 Ubuntu 16.04 伺服器的公網介面相符。
儲存並退出。

配置監視節點的網路

#最後一個要編輯的檔案是 "network.cfg"。使用文字編輯器打開它：

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> $EDITOR </span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">usr</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">local</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">bro</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">etc</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">networks</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">cfg</span>

預設情況下，你應該會看到以下內容：

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">List</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> of </span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">local</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> networks </span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">in</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> CIDR notation</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">,</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> optionally followed by a</span>
<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> descriptive tag</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span>
<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">#</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">For</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> example</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">,</span> <span class="str" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">"10.0.0.0/8"</span> <span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">or</span> <span class="str" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">"fe80::/64"</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> are valid prefixes</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span>
<span style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> </span>
<span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">10.0</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">0.0</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">8</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Private</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> IP space</span>
<span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">172.16</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">0.0</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">12</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Private</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> IP space</span>
<span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">192.168</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">0.0</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">16</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Private</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> IP space</span>

刪除這三個項目（這只是如何使用此檔案的範例），並輸入伺服器的公用和專用 IP 空間，格式如下：

<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X </span><span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Public</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> IP space</span>
<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">.</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">X </span><span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Private</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"> IP space</span>

儲存並退出。

使用 BroControl 管理 Bro 的安裝

管理 Bro 需要使用 BroControl，它支援互動式 shell 和命令列工具兩種形式。啟動該 shell：

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"># /usr/</span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">local</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">bro</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">bin</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">broctl</span>

要想使用命令列工具，只需將參數傳遞給上一個命令，例如：

<span class="com" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;"># /usr/</span><span class="kwd" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">local</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">bro</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">bin</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">/</span><span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">broctl status</span>

這將透過顯示以下的輸出來檢查 Bro 的狀態：

<span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Name</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Type</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Host</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Status</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Pid</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Started</span>
<span class="pln" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">bro standalone localhost running </span><span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">6807</span> <span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">20</span> <span class="typ" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">Jul</span> <span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">12</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">:</span><span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">30</span><span class="pun" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">:</span><span class="lit" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, monospace;">50</span>

結論

這是一篇 Bro 的安裝教學。我們使用基於原始程式碼的安裝，因為它是獲得可用的最新版本的最有效的方法，但是該網路分析框架也可以下載預先建置的二進位格式檔案。
下次見！

以上是在 Ubuntu 16.04 上配置 Bro：網路分析的有力工具的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！

陳述

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