JAVA核心資料結構與演算法實現

由於文章篇幅有限，我將提供一些關鍵資料結構和演算法的實作範例。首先介紹幾個核心資料結構和演算法，然後給出對應的Java程式碼範例。

1. 陣列

   • 實作一個動態擴充的陣列
   • 實作陣列的增刪改查運算

public class DynamicArray<T> {
    private Object[] array;
    private int size;
    private int capacity;

    public DynamicArray() {
        capacity = 10;
        array = new Object[capacity];
        size = 0;
    }

    public void add(T element) {
        if (size == capacity) {
            capacity *= 2;
            Object[] newArray = new Object[capacity];
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, size);
            array = newArray;
        }
        array[size++] = element;
    }

    public T get(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        return (T) array[index];
    }

    public void remove(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {
            array[i] = array[i + 1];
        }
        size--;
    }
}

2. 鍊錶

   • 實作一個單鍊錶
   • 實作鍊錶的增刪改查操作

public class ListNode {
    int val;
    ListNode next;

    ListNode(int val) {
        this.val = val;
    }
}

public class LinkedList {
    private ListNode head;

    public void addAtHead(int val) {
        ListNode newHead = new ListNode(val);
        newHead.next = head;
        head = newHead;
    }

    public void addAtTail(int val) {
        if (head == null) {
            head = new ListNode(val);
        } else {
            ListNode current = head;
            while (current.next != null) {
                current = current.next;
            }
            current.next = new ListNode(val);
        }
    }

    public void deleteAtIndex(int index) {
        if (index == 0) {
            head = head.next;
            return;
        }
        int count = 0;
        ListNode current = head;
        ListNode prev = null;
        while (current != null && count < index) {
            prev = current;
            current = current.next;
            count++;
        }
        if (current != null) {
            prev.next = current.next;
        }
    }

    public ListNode get(int index) {
        ListNode current = head;
        int count = 0;
        while (current != null && count < index) {
            current = current.next;
            count++;
        }
        return current;
    }
}

3. 堆疊

   • 實作一個基於陣列的堆疊
   • 實作堆疊的入堆疊、出棧等操作

public class ArrayStack {
    private int[] array;
    private int top;
    private int capacity;

    public ArrayStack(int capacity) {
        this.capacity = capacity;
        array = new int[capacity];
        top = -1;
    }

    public void push(int value) {
        if (top == capacity - 1) throw new IllegalStateException("Stack is full");
        array[++top] = value;
    }

    public int pop() {
        if (top == -1) throw new IllegalStateException("Stack is empty");
        return array[top--];
    }

    public int peek() {
        if (top == -1) throw new IllegalStateException("Stack is empty");
        return array[top];
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return top == -1;
    }
}

4. 隊列

   • 實作一個基於陣列的佇列
   • 實作佇列的入隊、出隊等運算

public class ArrayQueue {
    private int[] array;
    private int front;
    private int rear;
    private int capacity;

    public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {
        this.capacity = capacity;
        array = new int[capacity];
        front = 0;
        rear = -1;
    }

    public void enqueue(int value) {
        if (rear == capacity - 1) throw new IllegalStateException("Queue is full");
        array[++rear] = value;
    }

    public int dequeue() {
        if (isEmpty()) throw new IllegalStateException("Queue is empty");
        int value = array[front];
        front++;
        return value;
    }

    public int peek() {
        if (isEmpty()) throw new IllegalStateException("Queue is empty");
        return array[front];
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return front > rear;
    }
}

5. 排序演算法

   • #實作冒泡排序、插入排序、選擇排序、快速排序等演算法

public class Sort {
    public static void bubbleSort(int[] array) {
        int length = array.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < length - 1 - i; j++) {
                if (array[j] > array[j + 1]) {
                    int temp = array[j];
                    array[j] = array[j + 1];
                    array[j + 1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void insertionSort(int[] array) {
        for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
            int current = array[i];
            int j = i - 1;
            while (j >= 0 && array[j] > current) {
                array[j + 1] = array[j];
                j--;
            }
            array[j + 1] = current;
        }
    }

    public static void selectionSort(int[] array) {
        for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++) {
            int minIndex = i;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < array.length; j++) {
                if (array[j] < array[minIndex]) {
                    minIndex = j;
                }
            }
            int temp = array[i];
            array[i] = array[minIndex];
            array[minIndex] = temp;
        }
    }

    public static void quickSort(int[] array, int low, int high) {
        if (low < high) {
            int mid = partition(array, low, high);
            quickSort(array, low, mid - 1);
            quickSort(array, mid + 1, high);
        }
    }

    private static int partition(int[] array, int low, int high) {
        int pivot = array[high];
        int i = low - 1;
        for (int j = low; j < high; j++) {
            if (array[j] < pivot) {
                i++;
                int temp = array[i];
                array[i] = array[j];
                array[j] = temp;
            }
        }
        int temp = array[i + 1];
        array[i + 1] = array[high];
        array[high] = temp;
        return i + 1;
    }
}

以上是一些核心的資料結構和演算法的Java實作範例，希望能對你有幫助。

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