如何利用MySQL和Python開發一個簡單的問答網站
引言:
問答網站是目前網路上非常受歡迎的線上社群平台之一,它提供了一個可以讓用戶提問問題並獲得其他用戶解答的平台。本文將詳細介紹如何使用MySQL資料庫和Python程式語言開發一個簡單的問答網站,並提供具體的程式碼範例。
一、環境建置
在開始之前,需要確保已經安裝了MySQL資料庫以及Python程式設計環境。可以透過以下連結了解如何安裝和配置相關環境:
二、建立資料庫
在MySQL中建立一個資料庫以儲存問答網站所需的資料。可以使用MySQL的圖形化工具(如phpMyAdmin)或命令列方式建立資料庫。
範例程式碼:
CREATE DATABASE qanda;
三、建立資料表
為了儲存使用者、問題和答案等信息,需要在資料庫中建立對應的資料表。在qanda資料庫中建立三個資料表:users、questions和answers。
範例程式碼:
CREATE TABLE users ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, password VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL );
範例程式碼:
CREATE TABLE questions ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, title VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, content TEXT NOT NULL, user_id INT, FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) );
範例程式碼:
CREATE TABLE answers ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, content TEXT NOT NULL, question_id INT, user_id INT, FOREIGN KEY (question_id) REFERENCES questions(id), FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) );
四、編寫Python程式碼
使用Python程式語言連接MySQL資料庫,並編寫程式碼處理問答網站的邏輯。
範例程式碼:
import mysql.connector db = mysql.connector.connect( host="localhost", user="root", password="password", database="qanda" )
def register_user(username, password): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES (%s, %s)" val = (username, password) cursor.execute(sql, val) db.commit() return cursor.lastrowid
def ask_question(title, content, user_id): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "INSERT INTO questions (title, content, user_id) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)" val = (title, content, user_id) cursor.execute(sql, val) db.commit() return cursor.lastrowid
def answer_question(content, question_id, user_id): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "INSERT INTO answers (content, question_id, user_id) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)" val = (content, question_id, user_id) cursor.execute(sql, val) db.commit() return cursor.lastrowid
def get_question_list(): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "SELECT * FROM questions" cursor.execute(sql) return cursor.fetchall()
def get_answer_list(question_id): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "SELECT * FROM answers WHERE question_id = %s" val = (question_id,) cursor.execute(sql, val) return cursor.fetchall()
import mysql.connector db = mysql.connector.connect( host="localhost", user="root", password="password", database="qanda" ) def register_user(username, password): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES (%s, %s)" val = (username, password) cursor.execute(sql, val) db.commit() return cursor.lastrowid def ask_question(title, content, user_id): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "INSERT INTO questions (title, content, user_id) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)" val = (title, content, user_id) cursor.execute(sql, val) db.commit() return cursor.lastrowid def answer_question(content, question_id, user_id): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "INSERT INTO answers (content, question_id, user_id) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)" val = (content, question_id, user_id) cursor.execute(sql, val) db.commit() return cursor.lastrowid def get_question_list(): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "SELECT * FROM questions" cursor.execute(sql) return cursor.fetchall() def get_answer_list(question_id): cursor = db.cursor() sql = "SELECT * FROM answers WHERE question_id = %s" val = (question_id,) cursor.execute(sql, val) return cursor.fetchall()
使用Flask等Web框架編寫一個簡單的網站程序,啟動Web伺服器,使問答網站在瀏覽器中可存取。
from flask import Flask, request, render_template app = Flask(__name__) # 注册用户 @app.route('/register', methods=['POST']) def handle_register(): username = request.form.get('username') password = request.form.get('password') user_id = register_user(username, password) return f"User registered with ID: {user_id}" # 提问问题 @app.route('/ask', methods=['POST']) def handle_ask(): title = request.form.get('title') content = request.form.get('content') user_id = int(request.form.get('user_id')) question_id = ask_question(title, content, user_id) return f"Question asked with ID: {question_id}" # 回答问题 @app.route('/answer', methods=['POST']) def handle_answer(): content = request.form.get('content') question_id = int(request.form.get('question_id')) user_id = int(request.form.get('user_id')) answer_id = answer_question(content, question_id, user_id) return f"Answered with ID: {answer_id}" # 获取问题列表 @app.route('/questions') def handle_questions(): questions = get_question_list() return render_template('questions.html', questions=questions) # 获取问题回答列表 @app.route('/answers/<question_id>') def handle_answers(question_id): answers = get_answer_list(int(question_id)) return render_template('answers.html', answers=answers) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()六、總結
至此,一個簡單的問答網站的開發就完成了。在這篇文章中,我們介紹如何使用MySQL和Python開發一個問答網站,並提供了具體的程式碼範例。希望讀者可以透過本文學到一些有關MySQL和Python開發的知識,並且能夠以此為基礎進行更複雜的應用開發。祝大家開發順利!
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