在本文中,我們將學習如何更改MySQL資料目錄或將MySQL資料庫資料重新定位到新位置,這種情況可能會在資料庫成長非常快時使用,或者出於某些安全性原因我們想要移動將資料目錄複製到新位置。
$ mysql –u root –p Output: Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 472 Server version: 5.6.30-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 (Ubuntu) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>當提示輸入MySQL 的root 密碼時,請輸入密碼。執行以下命令即可了解MySQL目前的工作資料目錄。
Mysql> select @@datadir; Output: +-----------------+ | @@datadir | +-----------------+ | /var/lib/mysql/ | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)如輸出所示,MySQL 資料庫使用 /var/lib/MySQL 作為預設資料夾作為資料目錄。在我們修改任何內容之前,我們將檢查資料的完整性,我們將停止MySQL 並檢查狀態
$ sudo systemctl stop mysql因為systemctl 不會顯示services 命令的任何內容
$ sudo systemctl status mysql Output: mysql.service - MySQL Community Server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2016-09-12 13:57:43 IST; 1s ago Process: 17669 ExecStartPost=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start post (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 17668 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 17664 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 17668 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Sep 12 13:55:14 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server... Sep 12 13:55:15 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server. Sep 12 13:57:40 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Community Server... Sep 12 13:57:43 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Community Server.一旦我們確認MySQL已停止,我們就會將資料移動到新位置。為了移動數據,我們將使用帶有 –a 選項的 Rsync,該選項保留資料檔案的權限,以及 –v 顯示詳細輸出。 下面是將資料移動到新位置的完整命令–
$ rsync –av /var/lib/mysql /mnt/data_vol/ OutPut: sending incremental file list mysql/ mysql/auto.cnf mysql/debian-5.7.flag mysql/ib_buffer_pool mysql/ib_logfile0 mysql/ib_logfile1 mysql/ibdata1 mysql/mysql/ mysql/mysql/columns_priv.MYD mysql/mysql/columns_priv.MYI mysql/mysql/columns_priv.frm mysql/mysql/db.MYD mysql/mysql/db.MYI mysql/mysql/db.frm mysql/mysql/db.opt …. mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary.frmmysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_file_io.frm mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_file_io_type.frm mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_stages.frm mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_statement_latency.frm mysql/sys/x@0024user_summary_by_statement_type.frm mysql/sys/x@0024wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency.frm mysql/sys/x@0024wait_classes_global_by_latency.frm mysql/sys/x@0024waits_by_host_by_latency.frm mysqlsys//x@0024waits_by_user_by_latency.frm mysql/sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm sent 199,384,083 bytes received 6,858 bytes 132,927,294.00 bytes/sec total size is 199,307,568 speedup is 1.00rsync後,成功將資料資料夾移至新位置。出於安全原因,我們將保留資料資料夾,直到確認資料位於新位置為止,我們會將目前資料目錄從 /var/lib/mysql 重新命名為 /var/lib/mysql_backup 。下面是更改目前資料目錄的指令。 下面是更改目前資料目錄的命令–
$ sudo mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql_backup現在,我們將更改預設的資料目錄,要更改我們有很多方法,但我們將編輯位於/etc/mysql/mysql .conf.d/mysqld.cnf 中的mysqld.cnf 檔案.編輯mysqld.cnf,指令如下
$ sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf Output: [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /mnt/data_vol/mysql/ tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql skip-external-locking更改Apparmor 別名設定此外,我們需要編輯/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/alias在檔案底部,我們需要新增別名規則中的以下行。
$ sudo vi /etc/apparmor.d/tunables/alias Output: # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # # Copyright (C) 2010 Canonical Ltd. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public # License published by the Free Software Foundation. # # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # Alias rules can be used to rewrite paths and are done after variable # resolution. For example, if '/usr' is on removable media: # alias /usr/ -> /mnt/usr/, # # Or if mysql databases are stored in /home: # alias /var/lib/mysql/ -> /home/mysql/, alias /var/lib/mysql/ -> /mnt/data_vol/mysql編輯檔案後,我們需要重新啟動apparmor。 以下是重新啟動apparmor的指令。 由於我們更改了預設資料目錄,因此我們需要執行以下命令,該命令將建立最小目錄資料夾結構以傳遞腳本環境。 $ sudo mkdir /var/lib/mysql/mysql –p#現在我們將重新啟動mysql 服務。
$ sudo systemctl start mysql現在我們將使用以下命令檢查MySQL 服務的狀態
$ sudo systemctl status mysql Output: mysql.service - MySQL Community Server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2016-09-12 14:17:27 IST; 23s ago Process: 18481 ExecStartPost=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start post (code=exited, status=0/SUCC Process: 18477 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=0/SUCCES Main PID: 18480 (mysqld) Tasks: 28 (limit: 512) Memory: 137.3M CPU: 329ms CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service └─18480 /usr/sbin/mysqld Sep 12 14:17:26 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server... Sep 12 14:17:27 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.為了確保新的資料目錄已更改,我們將執行以下命令
$ mysql -uroot -p Output: Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (Ubuntu) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> select @@datadir +----------------------+ | @@datadir | +----------------------+ | /mnt/data_vol/mysql/ | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>一旦我們確認數據目錄發生更改,我們將刪除預設的資料目錄,該目錄位於/var/lib/mysql_backup,下面是刪除舊資料庫目錄的命令。
$ sudo rm –rf /var/lib/mysql_backup
在上面的配置和步驟中,我們學會了將 MySQL 資料目錄重新定位到新位置,這將有助於我們保護或將更多資料儲存到不同的位置。
以上是如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上將 MySQL 資料目錄變更為另一個位置的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!