寫一個C程式來定義結構體並顯示成員變數的大小和偏移量
結構體 - 它是一個不同資料類型變數的集合,組合在一個名稱下。
datatype member1; struct tagname{ datatype member2; datatype member n; };
在這裡,struct - 關鍵字
tagname - 指定結構的名稱
member1, member2 - 指定構成結構的數據項。
struct book{ int pages; char author [30]; float price; };
宣告結構體變數有三種方式-
struct book{ int pages; char author[30]; float price; }b;
struct{ int pages; char author[30]; float price; }b;
struct book{ int pages; char author[30]; float price; }; struct book b;
成員與結構變數之間的連結是透過成員運算子(或點運算子)建立的。
可以透過以下方式初始化:
struct book{ int pages; char author[30]; float price; } b = {100, "balu", 325.75};
struct book{ int pages; char author[30]; float price; }; struct book b = {100, "balu", 325.75};
struct book{ int pages; char author[30]; float price; } ; struct book b; b. pages = 100; strcpy (b.author, "balu"); b.price = 325.75;
struct book{ int pages; char author[30]; float price; } ; struct book b; scanf ("%d", &b.pages); scanf ("%s", b.author); scanf ("%f", &b. price);
使用資料成員宣告結構,並嘗試列印它們的偏移值以及結構的大小。
即時示範
#include<stdio.h> #include<stddef.h> struct tutorial{ int a; int b; char c[4]; float d; double e; }; int main(){ struct tutorial t1; printf("the size 'a' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.a)); printf("the size 'b' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.b)); printf("the size 'c' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.c)); printf("the size 'd' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.d)); printf("the size 'e' is :%d</p><p>",sizeof(t1.e)); printf("the offset 'a' is :%d</p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,a)); printf("the offset 'b' is :%d</p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,b)); printf("the offset 'c' is :%d</p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,c)); printf("the offset 'd' is :%d</p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,d)); printf("the offset 'e' is :%d</p><p></p><p>",offsetof(struct tutorial,e)); printf("size of the structure tutorial is :%d",sizeof(t1)); return 0; }
the size 'a' is :4 the size 'b' is :4 the size 'c' is :4 the size 'd' is :4 the size 'e' is :8 the offset 'a' is :0 the offset 'b' is :4 the offset 'c' is :8 the offset 'd' is :12 the offset 'e' is :16 size of the structure tutorial is :24
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