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如何使用nginx模擬進行藍綠部署

WBOY
WBOY轉載
2023-06-03 12:31:03943瀏覽

藍綠部署

藍綠部署的重點在於以下特點

  • 1. 藍色版本和綠色版本同時存在

  • 2. 實際運作的環境為藍或則綠,只能為其中之一,透過開關控制

##優點和缺點分析:優點在於它的速度和回滾。而缺點也顯而易見。可以快速回滾是因為有兩套環境同時存在的緣故,所以複雜度和需要的資源會增多,因為其有兩套環境。

另外雖然速度有所提高,但是在實現的過程中,開關的控制,無論多快的切換速度,如果不結合其他的技術,還是無法做到完全無縫切換。

模擬藍綠部署

接下來我們使用nginx的upstream來簡單模擬藍綠部署的場景。具體場景如下, 目前活躍的是藍色版本,透過調整nginx設定,將綠色版本設定為當前活躍版本。

如何使用nginx模擬進行藍綠部署

事前準備

事前在7001/7002兩個連接埠分別啟動兩個服務,用於顯示不同訊息,為了示範方便,使用tornado做了一個映像,透過docker容器啟動時傳遞的參數不同用於顯示服務的不同。

docker run -d -p 7001:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001"
docker run -d -p 7002:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002"

執行日誌

[root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7001:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001"
70c74dc8e43d5635983f7240deb63a3fc0599d5474454c3bc5197aa5c0017348
[root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7002:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002"
6c5c2ea322d4ac17b90feefb96e3194ec8adecedaa4c944419316a2e4bf07117
[root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7001
hello, service :hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
[root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7002
hello, service :hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
[root@kong ~]#

啟動nginx

[root@kong ~]# docker run -p 9080:80 --name nginx-blue-green -d nginx
d3b7098c44890c15918dc47616b67e5e0eb0da7a443eac266dbf26d55049216a
[root@kong ~]# docker ps |grep nginx-blue-green
d3b7098c4489    nginx           "nginx -g 'daemon ..."  10 seconds ago    up 9 seconds    0.0.0.0:9080->80/tcp   nginx-blue-green
[root@kong ~]#

nginx程式碼段

#準備如下nginx程式碼段將其新增至nginx的/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中, 模擬方式很簡單,透過down表示流量為零(nginx中無法將weight設為零),開始的時候100%的流量都發到藍色版本。

http {
upstream nginx_blug_green {
  server 192.168.163.117:7001 weight=100;
  server 192.168.163.117:7002 down;
}
server {
  listen    80;
  server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117;
  location / {
    proxy_pass http://nginx_blug_green;
  }
}

修改default.conf的方法

可以透過在容器中安裝vim達到效果,也可以在本地修改然後透過docker cp傳入,或直接sed修改都可。如果在容器中安裝vim,使用下列方式即可

[root@kong ~]# docker exec -it nginx-lb sh
# apt-get update
...省略
# apt-get install vim
...省略

#修改前

# cat default.conf
server {
  listen    80;
  server_name localhost;
  #charset koi8-r;
  #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
  location / {
    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html index.htm;
  }
  #error_page 404       /404.html;
  # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  #
  error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  location = /50x.html {
    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
  }
  # proxy the php scripts to apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
  #  proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1;
  #}
  # pass the php scripts to fastcgi server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
  #  root      html;
  #  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
  #  fastcgi_index index.php;
  #  fastcgi_param script_filename /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
  #  include    fastcgi_params;
  #}
  # deny access to .htaccess files, if apache's document root
  # concurs with nginx's one
  #
  #location ~ /\.ht {
  #  deny all;
  #}
}
#

已修改後

# cat default.conf
upstream nginx_blug_green {
  server 192.168.163.117:7001 weight=100;
  server 192.168.163.117:7002 down;
}
server {
  listen    80;
  server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117;
  #charset koi8-r;
  #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
  location / {
    #root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
    #index index.html index.htm;
    proxy_pass http://nginx_blug_green;
  }
  #error_page 404       /404.html;
  # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  #
  error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  location = /50x.html {
    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
  }
  # proxy the php scripts to apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
  #  proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1;
  #}
  # pass the php scripts to fastcgi server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
  #  root      html;
  #  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
  #  fastcgi_index index.php;
  #  fastcgi_param script_filename /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
  #  include    fastcgi_params;
  #}
  # deny access to .htaccess files, if apache's document root
  # concurs with nginx's one
  #
  #location ~ /\.ht {
  #  deny all;
  #}
}
#
















重新載入nginx設定

# nginx -s reload
2018/05/28 04:39:47 [notice] 321#321: signal process started
#

確認結果

#10次呼叫全部輸出的都是v1 in 7001

#[root@kong ~]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -lt 10 ]> do> curl

> let cnt
> done

hello, service :hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
hello, service :hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
hello, service :hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
hello, service :#hello, service : hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
hello, service :hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
hello, service :hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
hello, service :hello blue /green service: v1 in 7001
hello, service :hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
hello, service :hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
hello, service :hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
[root@kong ~]

#####藍綠部署:切換到綠色版本#########透過調整default.conf的weight,然後執行nginx -s reload的方式,在不停止nginx服務的方式下可動態的切換到綠色版本,目標將會將全部的流量都輸出v2 in 7002##########修改default .conf的方法#########只需要將upstream中的server的權重做如下調整:###
upstream nginx_blug_green {
  server 192.168.163.117:7001 down;
  server 192.168.163.117:7002 weight=100;
}
#######重新載入nginx設定######
# nginx -s reload
2018/05/28 05:01:28 [notice] 330#330: signal process started
#
## ####確認結果############[root@kong ~]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -lt 10 ]; do curl ; let cnt ; done###hello, service :hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002###hello, service :hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002###hello, service :hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002###hello, service :#hello, service : hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002###hello, service :hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002###hello, service :hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002###hello, service :hello blue /green service: v2 in 7002###hello, service :hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002###hello, service :hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002###hello, service :hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002###[root@kong ~]#######

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