SpringBoot基於AbstractRoutingDataSource如何實現多資料來源動態切換

一、場景

在生產業務中，有一些任務執行了耗時較長的查詢操作，在實時性要求不高的時候，我們希望將這些查詢sql分離出來，去從庫查詢，以減少應用對主資料庫的壓力。

一種方案是在設定檔中配置多個資料來源，然後透過配置類別來取得資料來源以及mapper相關的掃描配置，不同的資料來源配置不佟的mapper掃描位置，然後需要哪一個資料來源就注入哪一個mapper介面即可，這種方法比較簡單。特徵是透過mapper掃描位置區分資料來源。

一個可行的方案是事先設定一個預設的資料來源，同時定義多個其他的資料來源，利用aop實作註解方式來切換資料來源。對AbstractRoutingDataSource類別進行繼承是實現這種方案的關鍵。這是本文的重點。

二、原理

AbstractRoutingDataSource的多重資料來源動態切換的核心邏輯是：在程式運行時，把資料來源資料來源透過AbstractRoutingDataSource 動態織入到程式中，靈活的進行數據源切換。
基於AbstractRoutingDataSource的多資料來源動態切換，可以實現讀寫分離。邏輯如下：

/**
     * Retrieve the current target DataSource. Determines the
     * {@link #determineCurrentLookupKey() current lookup key}, performs
     * a lookup in the {@link #setTargetDataSources targetDataSources} map,
     * falls back to the specified
     * {@link #setDefaultTargetDataSource default target DataSource} if necessary.
     * @see #determineCurrentLookupKey()
     */
    protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
        Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
        Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
        DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
        if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
            dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
        }
        if (dataSource == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
        }
        return dataSource;
    }
/**
     * Determine the current lookup key. This will typically be
     * implemented to check a thread-bound transaction context.
     * <p>Allows for arbitrary keys. The returned key needs
     * to match the stored lookup key type, as resolved by the
     * {@link #resolveSpecifiedLookupKey} method.
     */
    @Nullable
    protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey();

透過實作抽象方法determineCurrentLookupKey指定需要切換的資料來源

三、程式碼範例

範例中主要依賴 

#com.alibaba .druid;tk.mybatis

定義一個類別用於關聯資料來源。透過 TheadLocal 來保存每個執行緒選擇哪個資料來源的標誌(key)

@Slf4j
public class DynamicDataSourceContextHolder {
 
 
    private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<String>();
    public static List<String> dataSourceIds = new ArrayList<String>();
 
    public static void setDataSourceType(String dataSourceType) {
        log.info("设置当前数据源为{}",dataSourceType);
        contextHolder.set(dataSourceType);
    }
 
    public static String getDataSourceType() {
        return contextHolder.get() ;
    }
 
    public static void clearDataSourceType() {
        contextHolder.remove();
    }
 
    public static boolean containsDataSource(String dataSourceId){
        log.info("list = {},dataId={}", JSON.toJSON(dataSourceIds),dataSourceId);
        return dataSourceIds.contains(dataSourceId);
    }
}

繼承

AbstractRoutingDataSource

public class DynamicDataSource  extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
 
    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
 
        return  DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceType();
    }
}

配置主資料庫master 與從資料庫slave（略）。資料來源設定可以從簡

@Configuration
@tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan(value = {"com.server.dal.dao"})
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "java.druid.datasource.master.url")
public class JavaDruidDataSourceConfiguration {
 
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JavaDruidDataSourceConfiguration.class);
 
    @Resource
    private JavaDruidDataSourceProperties druidDataSourceProperties;
    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "masterDataSource", initMethod = "init", destroyMethod = "close")
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "masterDataSource")
    public DruidDataSource javaReadDruidDataSource() {
 
        DruidDataSource result = new DruidDataSource();
 
        try {
//            result.setName(druidDataSourceProperties.getName());
            result.setUrl(druidDataSourceProperties.getUrl());
            result.setUsername(druidDataSourceProperties.getUsername());
            result.setPassword(druidDataSourceProperties.getPassword());
            result.setConnectionProperties(
                    "config.decrypt=false;config.decrypt.key=" + druidDataSourceProperties.getPwdPublicKey());
            result.setFilters("config");
            result.setMaxActive(druidDataSourceProperties.getMaxActive());
            result.setInitialSize(druidDataSourceProperties.getInitialSize());
            result.setMaxWait(druidDataSourceProperties.getMaxWait());
            result.setMinIdle(druidDataSourceProperties.getMinIdle());
            result.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(druidDataSourceProperties.getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis());
            result.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(druidDataSourceProperties.getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis());
            result.setValidationQuery(druidDataSourceProperties.getValidationQuery());
            result.setTestWhileIdle(druidDataSourceProperties.isTestWhileIdle());
            result.setTestOnBorrow(druidDataSourceProperties.isTestOnBorrow());
            result.setTestOnReturn(druidDataSourceProperties.isTestOnReturn());
            result.setPoolPreparedStatements(druidDataSourceProperties.isPoolPreparedStatements());
            result.setMaxOpenPreparedStatements(druidDataSourceProperties.getMaxOpenPreparedStatements());
 
            if (druidDataSourceProperties.isEnableMonitor()) {
                StatFilter filter = new StatFilter();
                filter.setLogSlowSql(druidDataSourceProperties.isLogSlowSql());
                filter.setMergeSql(druidDataSourceProperties.isMergeSql());
                filter.setSlowSqlMillis(druidDataSourceProperties.getSlowSqlMillis());
                List<Filter> list = new ArrayList<>();
                list.add(filter);
                result.setProxyFilters(list);
            }
 
        } catch (Exception e) {
 
            logger.error("数据源加载失败:", e);
 
        } finally {
            result.close();
        }
 
 
        return result;
    }
}

注意主從資料庫的bean name

設定DynamicDataSource 

• targetDataSources 存放資料來源的k-v對

• defaultTargetDataSource 存放預設資料來源

設定事務管理器和SqlSessionFactoryBean

@Configuration
public class DynamicDataSourceConfig {
    private static final String MAPPER_LOCATION = "classpath*:sqlmap/dao/*Mapper.xml";
 
    @Bean(name = "dynamicDataSource")
    public DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DruidDataSource masterDataSource,
                                               @Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DruidDataSource slaveDataSource) {
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSource = new HashMap<>();
        DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.dataSourceIds.add("masterDataSource");
        targetDataSource.put("masterDataSource", masterDataSource);
        DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.dataSourceIds.add("slaveDataSource");
        targetDataSource.put("slaveDataSource", slaveDataSource);
        DynamicDataSource dataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        dataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSource);
        dataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);
        return dataSource;
    }
 
    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "javaTransactionManager")
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "javaTransactionManager")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager(@Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DynamicDataSource druidDataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(druidDataSource);
    }
 
    @Bean(name = "sqlSessionFactoryBean")
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean myGetSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DynamicDataSource  dataSource) {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
        try {
            sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources(MAPPER_LOCATION));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean;
    }
}

定義一個註解用於指定資料來源

@Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface TargetDataSource {
    String value();
}

切面的業務邏輯。注意指定order，以確保在開啟事務之前執行 。

@Aspect
@Slf4j
@Order(-1)
@Component
public class DataSourceAop {
 
    @Before("@annotation(targetDataSource)")
    public void changeDataSource(JoinPoint point, TargetDataSource targetDataSource) {
        String dsId = targetDataSource.value();
        if (!DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.containsDataSource(dsId)) {
            log.error("数据源[{}]不存在，使用默认数据源 > {}" + targetDataSource.value() + point.getSignature());
        } else {
            log.info("UseDataSource : {} > {}" + targetDataSource.value() + point.getSignature());
            DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.setDataSourceType(targetDataSource.value());
 
        }
    }
 
    @After("@annotation(targetDataSource)")
    public void restoreDataSource(JoinPoint point, TargetDataSource targetDataSource) {
        log.info("RevertDataSource : {} > {}"+targetDataSource.value()+point.getSignature());
        DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.clearDataSourceType();
    }
}

以上略去了pom.xml和application.yml

使用範例

    @Resource
    private ShopBillDOMapper shopBillDOMapper;
 
//使用默认数据源
    public ShopBillBO queryTestData(Integer id){
 
        return shopBillDOMapper.getByShopBillId(id);
    }
 
//切换到指定的数据源
    @TargetDataSource("slaveDataSource")
    public ShopBill queryTestData2(Integer id){
        return shopBillDOMapper.getByShopBillId(id);
    }

如果傳回不同的結果就成功了！

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