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SpringBoot中的@AliasFor註解怎麼使用

王林
王林轉載
2023-05-18 21:46:041716瀏覽

用法1:註解的屬性互為別名

簡介

它可以註解到自訂註解的兩個屬性上,表示這兩個互為別名,也就是說這兩個屬性其實同一個意義。

  • 其中一個屬性名稱必須是"value"

  • #無論指明設定哪個屬性名稱設定屬性值,另一個屬性名稱也是同樣屬性值,也可以缺省屬性名。

  • 若兩個都指明屬性值,要求值必須相同,否則會報錯。

  • 使用簡潔。這樣使用之後,@MyAnno(location="shanghai")可以直接寫成:@MyAnno("shanghai");

這個功能產生的原因:

#若自訂註解有一個屬性,且該屬性命名上為了體現其意義,呼叫方必須每次使用自訂註解的時候,都必須寫明屬性,然後設定,這樣稍微麻煩。

實例

註解

package com.example.annotation;
 
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 
import java.lang.annotation.*;
 
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface MyAnnotation {
    @AliasFor(attribute = "location")
    String value() default "";
    
    @AliasFor(attribute = "value")
    String location() default "";
}

#控制器

package com.example.controller;
 
import com.example.annotation.MyAnnotation;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
 
    @MyAnnotation(value = "location")
    /*//下边这两种写法结果与上边是相同的
    @MyAnnotation("location")
    @MyAnnotation(location = "location")*/
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public String test1() {
        MyAnnotation myAnnotation = null;
        try {
            myAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.getAnnotation(this.getClass().getMethod("test1"), MyAnnotation.class);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
 
        return  "value:" + myAnnotation.value() + ";loation:" + myAnnotation.location();
    }
}

#測試

前端存取:http://localhost:8080/hello/test1

前端結果(value和location都是同一個值)

value:location; loation:location

用法2.繼承父註解的屬性,不重寫屬性名稱

簡介

子註解的屬性值的讀寫,其實是對父註解的屬性值的讀寫。 (對繼承的屬性來說)

此時,只能讀寫繼承了的屬性值。

程式碼

註解

package com.example.annotation;
 
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 
import java.lang.annotation.*;
 
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface MyAnnotation {
    @AliasFor(attribute = "location")
    String value() default "";
    
    @AliasFor(attribute = "value")
    String location() default "";
}
package com.example.annotation;
 
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 
import java.lang.annotation.*;
 
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Inherited
@MyAnnotation
public @interface SubMyAnnotation {
    @AliasFor(annotation = MyAnnotation.class)
    String location() default "";
 
//    这个不能写,只能有一个与父属性名同名的属性,否则报错
//    @AliasFor(annotation = MyAnnotation.class)
//    String value() default "";
}

控制器

package com.example.controller;
 
import com.example.annotation.MyAnnotation;
import com.example.annotation.SubMyAnnotation;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
    @SubMyAnnotation(location = "location(my)")
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public String test() {
        SubMyAnnotation subMyAnnotation = null;
        MyAnnotation myAnnotation = null;
        MyAnnotation myAnnotation1 = null;
 
        try {
            subMyAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.getAnnotation(this.getClass().getMethod("test"), SubMyAnnotation.class);
            myAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.getAnnotation(this.getClass().getMethod("test"), MyAnnotation.class);
            myAnnotation1 = AnnotatedElementUtils.getMergedAnnotation(this.getClass().getMethod("test"), MyAnnotation.class);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
 
        return "loation(sub):" + subMyAnnotation.location() + "\n" +
                "location:" + myAnnotation.location() + "\n" +
                "location:" + myAnnotation1.location();
    }
}

測試

前端存取:http://localhost:8080/hello/test

#結果

loation(sub):location(my)
location:
location:location(my)

用法3:繼承父註解的屬性,並重寫屬性名稱

簡介

子註解的屬性值的讀寫,其實是對父註解的屬性值的讀寫。 (對重寫的屬性來說)

無論指明設定哪個屬性名設定屬性值,另一個屬性名也是同樣屬性值,不可以缺省屬性名。

若兩個都指明屬性值,要求值必須相同,否則會報錯。

程式碼

註解

package com.example.annotation;
 
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 
import java.lang.annotation.*;
 
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface MyAnnotation {
    @AliasFor(attribute = "location")
    String value() default "";
    
    @AliasFor(attribute = "value")
    String location() default "";
}
package com.example.annotation;
 
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 
import java.lang.annotation.*;
 
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Inherited
@MyAnnotation
public @interface SubMyAnnotation {
    @AliasFor(attribute = "value", annotation = MyAnnotation.class)
    String subValue() default "";
 
    @AliasFor(attribute = "location", annotation = MyAnnotation.class)
    String subLocation() default "";
 
//    subLocation属性写成下边这两种结果是一样的
//    @AliasFor(attribute = "value", annotation = MyAnnotation.class)
//    String subLocation() default "";
 
//    @AliasFor(value = "location", annotation = MyAnnotation.class)
//    String subLocation() default "";
//
}

控制器

package com.example.controller;
 
import com.example.annotation.MyAnnotation;
import com.example.annotation.SubMyAnnotation;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
    @SubMyAnnotation(subValue = "subLocation")
//    @SubMyAnnotation(subLocation = "subLocation")   //这个与上边结果相同
//    @SubMyAnnotation("subLocation")   //缺省属性名会报错
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public String test() {
        SubMyAnnotation subMyAnnotation = null;
        MyAnnotation myAnnotation = null;
        MyAnnotation myAnnotation1 = null;
 
        try {
            subMyAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.getAnnotation(this.getClass().getMethod("test"), SubMyAnnotation.class);
            myAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.getAnnotation(this.getClass().getMethod("test"), MyAnnotation.class);
            myAnnotation1 = AnnotatedElementUtils.getMergedAnnotation(this.getClass().getMethod("test"), MyAnnotation.class);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "subValue:" + subMyAnnotation.subValue() + ";subLoation:" + subMyAnnotation.subLocation() + "\n" +
                "value:" + myAnnotation.value() + ";location:" + myAnnotation.location() + "\n" +
                "value:" + myAnnotation1.value() + ";location:" + myAnnotation1.location();
    }
}

測試

前端存取:http://localhost:8080/hello/test

結果

subValue:subLocation;subLoation:subLocation
value:;location:
value:subLocation;location:subLocation

#

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