安裝
首先需要安裝python-gitlab
函式庫
pip 安裝
sudo pip install --upgrade python-gitlab
原始碼安裝
#git clone https://github.com/python-gitlab/python-gitlab cd python-gitlab sudo python setup.py install
用法
CLI 用法
首先需要對環境進行設定才能使用cli ,需要提供一個設定文件,指明gitlab server 資訊以及連線參數,設定檔格式為 INI
,樣例如下:
[global] default = somewhere ssl_verify = true timeout = 5 [somewhere] url = https://some.whe.re private_token = vTbFeqJYCY3sibBP7BZM api_version = 4 [elsewhere] url = http://else.whe.re:8080 private_token = CkqsjqcQSFH5FQKDccu4 timeout = 1
其中
global
部分是必須提供的,主要是連接gitlab 的參數#其他部分是可選,當沒有設定時預設用的是default
使用過程中可以透過
-g
指定具體使用的是那一節,如gitlab -g somewhere project list
本文使用的設定檔如下:
[global] ssl_verify = true timeout = 5 [gitlab] url = https://gitlab-russellgo.cn private_token = xxxxxx api_version = 4
設定檔可以透過以下幾種方法生效:
透過環境變數設定
PYTHON_GITLAB_CFG
放在系統設定下
/etc/python-gitlab.cfg
放在目前使用者home 目錄下
~/.python-gitlab.cfg
透過命令列指定
-c
或--config-file
#本文的設定檔放在了home 下。
當設定好了環境就可以愉快的使用了
-
列出所有的project (分頁回傳)
# 上面定义了一个 gitlab 的组,所以执行时可以通过 -g 指定 gitlab -g gitlab project list
-
列出所有的project
gitlab -g gitlab project list --all
#試到這裡有個疑問,怎麼知道 gitlab
目前支援哪些指令呢
gitlab -g gitlab # 以下是输出 usage: gitlab [-h] [--version] [-v] [-d] [-c CONFIG_FILE] [-g GITLAB] [-o {json,legacy,yaml}] [-f FIELDS] {application-settings,audit-event,broadcast-message,current-user,current-user-email,current-user-gp-gkey,current-user-key,current-user-status,deploy-key,dockerfile,event,feature,geo-node,gitignore,gitlabciyml,group,group-access-request,group-badge,group-board,group-board-list,group-cluster,group-custom-attribute,group-epic,group-epic-issue,group-epic-resource-label-event,group-issue,group-label,group-member,group-merge-request,group-milestone,group-notification-settings,group-project,group-subgroup,group-variable,hook,issue,l-da-pgroup,license,merge-request,namespace,notification-settings,pages-domain,project,project-access-request,project-additional-statistics,project-approval,project-approval-rule,project-badge,project-board,project-board-list,project-branch,project-cluster,project-commit,project-commit-comment,project-commit-discussion,project-commit-discussion-note,project-commit-status,project-custom-attribute,project-deployment,project-environment,project-event,project-export,project-file,project-fork,project-hook,project-import,project-issue,project-issue-award-emoji,project-issue-discussion,project-issue-discussion-note,project-issue-link,project-issue-note,project-issue-note-award-emoji,project-issue-resource-label-event,project-issues-statistics,project-job,project-key,project-label,project-member,project-merge-request,project-merge-request-approval,project-merge-request-award-emoji,project-merge-request-diff,project-merge-request-discussion,project-merge-request-discussion-note,project-merge-request-note,project-merge-request-note-award-emoji,project-merge-request-resource-label-event,project-milestone,project-note,project-notification-settings,project-pages-domain,project-pipeline,project-pipeline-job,project-pipeline-schedule,project-pipeline-schedule-variable,project-pipeline-variable,project-protected-branch,project-protected-tag,project-push-rules,project-registry-repository,project-registry-tag,project-release,project-runner,project-service,project-snippet,project-snippet-award-emoji,project-snippet-discussion,project-snippet-discussion-note,project-snippet-note,project-snippet-note-award-emoji,project-tag,project-trigger,project-user,project-variable,project-wiki,runner,runner-job,snippet,todo,user,user-activities,user-custom-attribute,user-email,user-event,user-gp-gkey,user-impersonation-token,user-key,user-project,user-status}
這樣可以列出目前gitlab 支援的資源,知道了支援的資源,那有怎麼知道某種資源支援哪些操作的,以project 為例,
gitlab -g gitlab project # 以下是输出 usage: gitlab project [-h] {list,get,create,update,delete,repository-blob,repository-contributors,delete-merged-branches,share,archive,repository-compare,create-fork-relation,languages,mirror-pull,unarchive,star,search,artifact,trigger-pipeline,repository-archive,delete-fork-relation,repository-raw-blob,repository-tree,unstar,housekeeping,unshare,upload,snapshot,update-submodule,transfer-project} ... gitlab project: error: too few arguments
這樣就可以知道 gitlab
支援對何種資源做哪些操作,再透過 --help
就可以知道特定的參數,如
gitlab -g gitlab project list --help # 以下是输出 usage: gitlab project list [-h] [--sudo SUDO] [--search SEARCH] [--owned OWNED] [--starred STARRED] [--archived ARCHIVED] [--visibility VISIBILITY] [--order-by ORDER_BY] [--sort SORT] [--simple SIMPLE] [--membership MEMBERSHIP] [--statistics STATISTICS] [--with-issues-enabled WITH_ISSUES_ENABLED] [--with-merge-requests-enabled WITH_MERGE_REQUESTS_ENABLED] [--with-custom-attributes WITH_CUSTOM_ATTRIBUTES] [--page PAGE] [--per-page PER_PAGE] [--all] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --sudo SUDO --search SEARCH --owned OWNED --starred STARRED --archived ARCHIVED --visibility VISIBILITY --order-by ORDER_BY --sort SORT --simple SIMPLE --membership MEMBERSHIP --statistics STATISTICS --with-issues-enabled WITH_ISSUES_ENABLED --with-merge-requests-enabled WITH_MERGE_REQUESTS_ENABLED --with-custom-attributes WITH_CUSTOM_ATTRIBUTES --page PAGE --per-page PER_PAGE --all
這樣就可以很方便的對 gitlab
進行操作了。
程式設計用法
除了透過命令列操作gitlab 之外,還可以用程式設計的方式進行集成,一個常見的場景,要從gitlab 下載某個檔案
基本用法
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding=utf-8 from __future__ import print_function import gitlab # 实例化一个 gitlab 对象 url = "https://gitlab.russellgao.cn" private_token = "xxxxxxxx" gl = gitlab.Gitlab('https://gitlab.russellgao.cn', private_token=private_token) # 列出所有的项目 projects = gl.projects.list() for project in projects: print(project) # 获取 group id 是 2 的 list group = gl.groups.get(2) for project in group.projects.list(): print(project) # 创建一个用户 user_data = {'email': 'jen@foo.com', 'username': 'jen', 'name': 'Jen'} user = gl.users.create(user_data) print(user) # 列出 create 和 update 时需要的参数 # get_create_attrs() 创建时需要的参数 # get_update_attrs() 更新时需要的参数 print(gl.projects.get_create_attrs()) (('name',), ('path', 'namespace_id', ...)) # 返回的是两个元组, 第一个 必选的参数,第二个是可选的参数 # 获取 对象的属性 ,如 project project = gl.projects.get(1) print(project.attributes) # 有些对象提供了 gitlab 相关的资源属性 project = gl.projects.get(1) issues = project.issues.list() # python-gitlab 允许向 gitlab 发送任何数据,当发送非法数据或者缺少相关参数时会抛出异常 gl.projects.list(sort='invalid value') # ... # GitlabListError: 400: sort does not have a valid value # 通过 query_parameters 进行传参 当参数和python 关键字冲突时 gl.user_activities.list(from='2019-01-01') ## invalid gl.user_activities.list(query_parameters={'from': '2019-01-01'}) # OK
函數封裝範例
透過gitlab raw url 進行下載檔案
def download_gitlab_file(url, filename, private_token) : """ 从 gitlab 上下载文件 :param url: gitlab raw url :param filename: 保存到本地的文件名称 :param private_token: :return: """ import gitlab import codecs def writeLinesToFile(filename, lines, append=False, encoding=None): if (append == True): file_mode = "a" else: file_mode = "w" encoding = encoding or 'utf-8' with codecs.open(filename, file_mode, encoding=encoding) as fp: for line in lines: print(unicode(line), file=fp) url_patterns = url.split("/") if len(url_patterns) <h3 id="原始碼解析">原始碼解析</h3><p>原始碼位址: https://github. com/python-gitlab/python-gitlab/</p><p>從setup.py#L31:5 可以看出</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">from setuptools import setup from setuptools import find_packages ... setup( name="python-gitlab", ... entry_points={"console_scripts": ["gitlab = gitlab.cli:main"]}, .... )
python-gitlab 採用setuptools 進行打包,打成的包有兩個作用:
當成python 函式庫使用(預設)
entry_points={"console_scripts": ["gitlab = gitlab. cli:main"]}
說明可以當作cli 使用,指令是gitlab
,真正呼叫的是gitlab.cli:main
函數
#在看 cli.py
這個入口文件,從入口文件可以看到cli.py#L182:14
def main(): import gitlab.v4.cli ... # 可以跳转到这个函数中查看 parser = _get_base_parser(add_help=False) ... def _get_base_parser(add_help: bool = True) -> argparse.ArgumentParser: parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( add_help=add_help, description="GitLab API Command Line Interface" ) parser.add_argument("--version", help="Display the version.", action="store_true") parser.add_argument( "-v", "--verbose", "--fancy", help="Verbose mode (legacy format only)", action="store_true", ) ...
這裡可以cli 解析函式庫用的是 argparse
做命令列參數的解析。
透過 GitlabCLI
class cli.py#L29:7 可以看出
class GitlabCLI(object): def __init__(self, gl, what, action, args): self.cls_name = cli.what_to_cls(what) self.cls = gitlab.v4.objects.__dict__[self.cls_name] self.what = what.replace("-", "_") self.action = action.lower() self.gl = gl self.args = args self.mgr_cls = getattr(gitlab.v4.objects, self.cls.__name__ + "Manager") # We could do something smart, like splitting the manager name to find # parents, build the chain of managers to get to the final object. # Instead we do something ugly and efficient: interpolate variables in # the class _path attribute, and replace the value with the result. self.mgr_cls._path = self.mgr_cls._path % self.args self.mgr = self.mgr_cls(gl) if self.mgr_cls._types: for attr_name, type_cls in self.mgr_cls._types.items(): if attr_name in self.args.keys(): obj = type_cls() obj.set_from_cli(self.args[attr_name]) self.args[attr_name] = obj.get()
cli 基本格式為 gitlab what action args
,即上圖cli
章節提到的 gitlab 支援的資源做什麼操作對應的參數
透過走讀 client.py
client.py#L446 :9 這個檔案可以看到
def http_request( self, verb: str, path: str, query_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, post_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, streamed: bool = False, files: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **kwargs: Any, ) -> requests.Response: """Make an HTTP request to the Gitlab server. Args: verb (str): The HTTP method to call ('get', 'post', 'put', 'delete') path (str): Path or full URL to query ('/projects' or 'http://whatever/v4/api/projecs') query_data (dict): Data to send as query parameters post_data (dict): Data to send in the body (will be converted to json) streamed (bool): Whether the data should be streamed files (dict): The files to send to the server **kwargs: Extra options to send to the server (e.g. sudo) Returns: A requests result object. Raises: GitlabHttpError: When the return code is not 2xx """ query_data = query_data or {} url = self._build_url(path) params: Dict[str, Any] = {} utils.copy_dict(params, query_data) # Deal with kwargs: by default a user uses kwargs to send data to the # gitlab server, but this generates problems (python keyword conflicts # and python-gitlab/gitlab conflicts). # So we provide a `query_parameters` key: if it's there we use its dict # value as arguments for the gitlab server, and ignore the other # arguments, except pagination ones (per_page and page) if "query_parameters" in kwargs: utils.copy_dict(params, kwargs["query_parameters"]) for arg in ("per_page", "page"): if arg in kwargs: params[arg] = kwargs[arg] else: utils.copy_dict(params, kwargs) opts = self._get_session_opts(content_type="application/json") verify = opts.pop("verify") timeout = opts.pop("timeout") # If timeout was passed into kwargs, allow it to override the default timeout = kwargs.get("timeout", timeout) # We need to deal with json vs. data when uploading files if files: json = None if post_data is None: post_data = {} post_data["file"] = files.get("file") post_data["avatar"] = files.get("avatar") data = MultipartEncoder(post_data) opts["headers"]["Content-type"] = data.content_type else: json = post_data data = None # Requests assumes that `.` should not be encoded as %2E and will make # changes to urls using this encoding. Using a prepped request we can # get the desired behavior. # The Requests behavior is right but it seems that web servers don't # always agree with this decision (this is the case with a default # gitlab installation) req = requests.Request(verb, url, json=json, data=data, params=params, **opts) prepped = self.session.prepare_request(req) prepped.url = utils.sanitized_url(prepped.url) settings = self.session.merge_environment_settings( prepped.url, {}, streamed, verify, None ) # obey the rate limit by default obey_rate_limit = kwargs.get("obey_rate_limit", True) # do not retry transient errors by default retry_transient_errors = kwargs.get("retry_transient_errors", False) # set max_retries to 10 by default, disable by setting it to -1 max_retries = kwargs.get("max_retries", 10) cur_retries = 0 ...
以上是python中gitlab函式庫有什麼用的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!

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