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nginx proxy_pass反向代理程式設定實例分析

王林轉載: 2023-05-13 23:19:111259瀏覽

下面舉個小實例說明下：

centos7系統函式庫中預設是沒有nginx的rpm包的，所以我們自己需要先更新下rpm依賴函式庫

1）使用yum安裝nginx需要包含nginx的函式庫，安裝nginx的函式庫

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/rpms/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

2）使用下列指令安裝nginx

[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx

3） nginx設定

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
 
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is page of test!!!!

4）啟動nginx

[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service

5）測試存取（103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23機器的外網）

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23
this is page of test!!!!

看看以下幾種情況：分別用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html來存取測試

為了方便測試，先在另一台機器192.168.1.5上部署一個8090埠的nginx，設定如下：

[root@bastion-idc ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@bastion-idc ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@bastion-idc ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

測試存取（103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外網路ip）：

[root@bastion-idc ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090
this is 192.168.1.5

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置实例分析

#192.168.1.23作為nginx反向代理機器，nginx配置如下：

##1）第一種情況：

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}

這樣，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。 p匹配的proxy目錄不需要存在根目錄/var/www/html裡面

注意，終端機如果訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy（即後面不帶"/"），則會存取失敗！因為proxy_pass配置的url後面加了"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
this is 192.168.1.5
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy
<html>
<head><title>301 moved permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 moved permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center>
</body>
</html>

頁面訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy的時候，會自動加上"/”（同理是由於proxy_pass配置的url後面加了"/"），並反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的結果

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置实例分析

2）第二種情況，proxy_pass配置的url後面不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

那麼訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，都會失敗！

這樣設定後，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置实例分析

#3）第三種情況

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/
192.168.1.5 haha-index.html

這樣設定的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/ haha/

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置实例分析

4）第四種情況：相對於第三種配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy/ {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

上面配置後，訪問http ://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html

同理，訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html
192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

注意，這種情況下，不能直接存取http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，後面就算是預設的index.html檔案也要跟上，否則存取失敗！

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置实例分析

-------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---

上面四種方式都是符合的path路徑後面加上"/"，下面說下path路徑後面不帶"/"的情況：

1）第一種情況，proxy_pass後面url帶"/"：

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置实例分析

#2）第二種情況，proxy_pass後面url不帶"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@localhost conf.d]#

這樣設定的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/」（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到192.168.1.5: 8090/proxy/

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置实例分析

3）第三種情況

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/」（即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理程式到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置实例分析

#4）第四種情況：相對於第三種配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
 
location /proxy {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart
redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置实例分析

這樣配置的話，訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy，和第三種結果一樣，同樣被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

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