如何使用Docker的Compose實現nginx負載平衡

以docker的網路管理，容器的ip設定為基礎知識實作nginx負載平衡

#查看所有docker網路

docker network ls

/*
network id     name         driver       scope
b832b168ca9a    bridge        bridge       local
373be82d3a6a    composetest_default  bridge       local
a360425082c4    host         host        local
154f600f0e90    none         null        local

*/

// composetest_default 是上一篇介绍compose时，docker-compose.yml文件所在的目录名，
// 所以，用docker-compose创建的容器会默认创建一个以目录名为网络名的网络，并且是dridge（桥接）类型

指定容器ip位址

version: "3"
services:
  web1:
    container_name: web1
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: 192.169.0.3
  web2:
    container_name: web2
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8081:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: 192.169.0.2
networks:
  nginx-lsb:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 192.169.0.0/16

使用docker-compose啟動容器

docker-compose up -d

查看容器是否啟動，並確認是否建立了網路nginx-lsb

// 可以查看当前docker-compose.yml配置的容器组里的容器状态
docker-compose ps

docker network ls

/*
network id     name          driver       scope
b832b168ca9a    bridge         bridge       local
373be82d3a6a    composetest_default   bridge       local
de6f5b8df1c8    composetest_nginx-lsb  bridge       local
a360425082c4    host          host        local
154f600f0e90    none          null        local
*/

// 创建了nginx-lsb网络，命名是容器组项目的 文件名开头_网络名

查看網路nginx-lsb的詳情

docker network inspect composetest_nginx-lsb

// 详情里面可以看到使用这个网络的每个容器的ip

如：

/*
...
 "containers": {
      "039aa860ef04f20a7566fdc943fb4398a61d2ad6dd3e373b17c86ac778af89e3": {
        "name": "web2",
        "endpointid": "1bc206661179e65999015f132c2889d3d4365b8d42b8a89cf9c260016fedd5ee",
        "macaddress": "02:42:c0:a9:00:02",
        "ipv4address": "192.169.0.2/16",
        "ipv6address": ""
      },
      "437ad7a07da8e46c0abaf845c4b08425338009fbe972bde69478cf47c75c315b": {
        "name": "web1",
        "endpointid": "5a36e602a5364ee9ad06e9816d09e3966d56ebf06b9394ebc25b8bcee9546607",
        "macaddress": "02:42:c0:a9:00:03",
        "ipv4address": "192.169.0.3/16",
        "ipv6address": ""
      }
    },
...
*/

使用env_file環境檔案：

簡單可以理解為：在docker-compose.yml中定義變量，引用在外部.env檔案中進行變數定義

官方文件位址：

// 还是在composetest目录中定义个 .env文件，用来存放变量
web1_addr=192.169.0.2
web2_addr=192.169.0.3

// 修改docker-compose.yml文件，加入变量定义
version: "3"
services:
  web1:
    container_name: web1
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${web1_addr}
  web2:
    container_name: web2
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8081:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${web2_addr}
networks:
  nginx-lsb:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 192.169.0.0/16

重新啟動composetest項目，並查看網路詳情，確認容器ip是否設定成功

// 重新启动composetest项目
docker-compose up -d

// 查看网络详情
docker network inspect composetest_nginx-lsb

在composetest專案中新增nginx伺服器作為負載平衡伺服器

// 在.env文件里添加一个变量 nginx_lsb
web1_addr=192.169.0.2
web2_addr=192.169.0.3
nginx_lsb=192.169.0.100

// 修改docker-compose.yml文件，加入变量定义
version: "3"
services:
  nginx-lsb:
    container_name: nginx-lsb
    image: "centos:nginx"
    ports: 
      - "8000:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${nginx_lsb}
  web1:
    container_name: web1
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${web1_addr}
  web2:
    container_name: web2
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8081:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${web2_addr}
networks:
  nginx-lsb:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 192.169.0.0/16

// 重新启动composetest项目
docker-compose up -d

修改nginx.conf配置文件，配置負載平衡

upstream mydocker {
  server 192.169.0.2;
  server 192.169.0.3;
}

server {
  listen 80；
  server_name mydocker;
  location / {
    proxy_set_header host $host;
    proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_buffering off;
    proxy_pass http://mydocker;
  }
}

重新啟動nginx-lsb，載入設定檔

docker-composer restart nginx-lsb

訪問http://伺服器ip位址:8000，測試伺服器負載平衡！

以上是如何使用Docker的Compose實現nginx負載平衡的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！