JAVA基於Slack怎麼實現異常日誌警報

一、功能介紹

實作邏輯：一般情況下，程式碼中都會對會出現異常的地方，進行處理，最基本的就是列印日誌，本文將實現在列印日誌時，同時將異常訊息傳送到Slack頻道中，開發或維運人員建立Slack帳號，加入頻道，便可即時收到異常訊息的警告。

二、Slack介紹

Slack 它是一種基於Web的即時通訊工具，可作為桌上型電腦/筆記型電腦、行動裝置的單一應用程式以及Web應用程式使用。基本上，它是您的私人聊天和協作室。對於許多公司而言，它已取代電子郵件/私人論壇/聊天室成為主要的內部基於文字的溝通管道。

可以理解為它是聊天群組 大規模工具整合 檔案整合 統一搜尋。截至2014年底，Slack 已經整合了電子郵件、簡訊、Google Drives、Twitter、Trello、Asana、GitHub 等 65 種工具和服務，可以把各種分散的企業溝通和協作集中在一起。幾個重要的概念：

工作區：相當去工作空間，使用者可以加入或建立不同的工作區，很多時候，工作區的名稱和URL將是公司名稱。

頻道：頻道可以區分為不同的團隊或主題，也可以理解成相當於微信，頻道中的成員共享頻道中的資訊。

三、前期準備

slack設定

• 建立帳號，登錄，可以使用app或是用瀏覽器登入網頁版

• 建立自己的工作區，也可以邀請其他人加入工作區。

• 建立頻道，邀請同事加入，此時可以往頻道中發送訊息，加入頻道的人都可以看到訊息

工作區新增應用程式Incoming WebHook，選擇頻道，儲存Webhook URL，後面將透過Webhook實作程式往頻道中傳送訊息。

#pom.xml

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
        <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
        <version>4.5.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.83</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-configuration</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-configuration</artifactId>
        <version>1.10</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.10</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

四、具體實作

1.實作Slack發送訊息

SlackUtil 給Slack發送訊息工具類別

package com.yy.operation;
import com.yy.common.CommonThreadFactory;
import com.yy.common.ConnUtil;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
/**
 * @author ：Max
 * @date ：Created in 2022/8/26 下午12:54
 * @description：
 */
public class SlackUtil {
    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SlackUtil.class.getCanonicalName());
    private static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    private static final String SEND_USER_NAME ="运维机器人";
    private static int MAX_RETRY =3;
    /**
     * 线程池 抛弃策略DiscardPolicy：这种策略，会默默的把新来的这个任务给丢弃；不会得到通知
      */
    private static ExecutorService executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10,30,60,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(200),new CommonThreadFactory("Slack"), new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
    private static String MSG_FORMAT ="payload=&#39;{&#39;"channel": "{0}", "username": "{1}", "text": "{2}", "icon_emoji": ":ghost:"&#39;}&#39;" ;
    /**
     * 保存的Webhook URL ，需要初始化
     */
    private static String WEBHOOK_URL ;
    private static boolean SLACK_ABLE;
    public static void setSlackConfig(String webhookUrl){
        WEBHOOK_URL = webhookUrl;
        SLACK_ABLE = true;
    }
    /**
     * slack异步发消息，保证不能影响到主功能
      * @param channel
     * @param msg
     */
    public static void send(final String channel, final String msg){
        if(!SLACK_ABLE){
            return;
        }
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(msg)){
            return;
        }
        executor.submit(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    SlackUtil.send(channel,sdf.format(System.currentTimeMillis())+"   "+msg,MAX_RETRY);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    logger.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
                }
            }
        });
    }
    /**
     * 如果slask发消息失败，会最多尝试发三次，三次都失败，会打印异常信息
      * @param channel
     * @param msg
     * @param retry
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void send(String channel, String msg, int retry) throws Exception {
        if(msg.indexOf(""")>=0 ||msg.indexOf("{")>=0 ||msg.indexOf("}")>=0){
            msg =msg.replace(""","&#39;").replace("{","[").replace("}","]");
        }
        String payload = MessageFormat.format(MSG_FORMAT, channel,SEND_USER_NAME,msg);
        String result = ConnUtil.getContentByPostWithUrlencode(WEBHOOK_URL,payload);
        logger.info("result:"+result);
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(result) ||!result.startsWith("ok")){
            --retry;
            if(retry>0){
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(retry*5);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                send(channel,msg,retry);
            }else{
                throw new Exception("Fail to send slack:"+result+"\nmsg:"+msg);
            }
        }
    }
}

向webhook發起請求透過Urlencode

package com.yy.common;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
/**
 * @author ：Max
 * @date ：Created in 2022/8/26 下午1:44
 * @description：
 */
public class ConnUtil {
    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ConnUtil.class.getCanonicalName());
    public static String getContentByPostWithUrlencode(String url,String msg){
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(msg, "UTF-8");
        entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
        entity.setContentType(" application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        HttpPost request = new HttpPost(url);
        request.setEntity(entity);
        HttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = httpClient.execute(request);
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            if (responseEntity != null) {
                InputStream instream = responseEntity.getContent();
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(instream));
                StringBuffer contents = new StringBuffer();
                String line = null;
                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                    contents.append(line);
                    contents.append("\n");
                }
                return contents.toString();
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, ex.getMessage(), ex);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

SlackUtil測試

package com.yy.test;
import com.yy.common.SlackChannelEnum;
import com.yy.operation.SlackUtil;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
 * @author ：Max
 * @date ：Created in 2022/8/28 下午2:37
 * @description：
 */
public class SlackTest {
    static {
        SlackUtil.setSlackConfig("https://hooks.slack.com/services/*******");
    }
    @Test
    public void test(){
        SlackUtil.send(SlackChannelEnum.EXCEPTION.channel,"test ~");
        try {
            TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Assert.assertTrue(true);
    }
}

發送成功，可以在頻道中看到訊息

#2.重寫列印日誌類別

常見異常打日誌處理

public class LoggerTest {
    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(LoggerTest.class.getCanonicalName());
    @Test
    public void test() {
        try {
            int i = 1 / 0;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }
}

重寫封裝列印日誌的方法

package com.yy.operation;
import com.yy.common.SlackChannelEnum;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
/**
 * @author  Max
 * @date ：Created in 2022/8/4 下午5:14
 * @description：
 */
public class CommonLogger {
    private Logger logger;
    private CommonLogger(String className) {
        logger = Logger.getLogger(className);
    }
    private static String SERVER;
    private static String EXCEPTION_ALARM_FORMAT = "EXCEPTION 发生异常！\n环境 :{0}\n信息 :{1}\n详情 :{2}";
    private static String WARNING_ALARM_FORMAT = "WARNING 发生告警！\n环境 :{0}\n信息 :{1}";
    private static String SEVERE_ALARM_FORMAT = "SEVERE 发生告警！\n环境 :{0}\n信息 :{1}";
    private static String LOG_ALARM_FORMAT = "LOG 发生告警！\n环境 :{0}\n信息 :{1}";
    private static String USER_BEHAVIOR_FORMAT = "CUSTOMER \n环境 :{0}\n信息 :{1}";
    static {
        try{
            InetAddress ip4 = Inet4Address.getLocalHost();
            SERVER = ip4.getHostAddress();
        }catch (Exception e){
            SERVER ="undefined server";
        }
    }
    public static CommonLogger getLogger(String name) {
        return new CommonLogger(name);
    }
    /**
     * Print exception information, send slack
     *
     * @param level
     * @param msg
     * @param e
     */
    public void log(Level level, String msg, Throwable e) {
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(msg)){
            return;
        }
        msg =dolog(level,msg, e);
        msg = MessageFormat.format(EXCEPTION_ALARM_FORMAT, SERVER, formatMsg(msg), getErrmessage(e));
        SlackUtil.send(SlackChannelEnum.EXCEPTION.channel, msg);
    }
    /**
     * Print user behavior information, send slack
     *
     * @param msg
     */
    public void userBehaviorInfo(String msg) {
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(msg)){
            return;
        }
        msg =dolog(Level.INFO,msg);
        msg = MessageFormat.format(USER_BEHAVIOR_FORMAT, SERVER, formatMsg(msg));
        SlackUtil.send(SlackChannelEnum.EXCEPTION.channel, msg);
    }
    public String formatMsg(String msg){
        StringBuilder source =new StringBuilder(logger.getName());
        msg=transferMsgSource(source,msg);
        return source.toString()+" "+msg;
    }
    /**
     * Print warning severe information, send slack
     *
     * @param msg
     */
    public void severe(String msg) {
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(msg)){
            return;
        }
        msg = dolog(Level.SEVERE,msg);
        msg = MessageFormat.format(SEVERE_ALARM_FORMAT, SERVER, formatMsg(msg));
        SlackUtil.send(SlackChannelEnum.EXCEPTION.channel, msg);
    }
    /**
     * Print warning severe information, send slack
     *
     * @param msg
     */
    public void warning(String msg) { 
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(msg)){
            return;
         }
        msg = dolog(Level.WARNING,msg);
        msg = MessageFormat.format(WARNING_ALARM_FORMAT, SERVER, formatMsg(msg));
        SlackUtil.send(SlackChannelEnum.EXCEPTION.channel, msg);
    }
    /**
     * Print warning log information, send slack
     *
     * @param msg
     */
    public void log(Level severe, String msg) {
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(msg)){
            return;
        }
        msg =dolog(severe,msg);
        msg = MessageFormat.format(LOG_ALARM_FORMAT, SERVER, formatMsg(msg));
        SlackUtil.send(SlackChannelEnum.EXCEPTION.channel, msg);
    }
    public static String getErrmessage(Throwable t) {
        return getThrowable(t);
    }
    public void info(String msg) {
        dolog(Level.INFO,msg);
    }
    public void fine(String msg) {
        logger.fine(msg);
    }
    public void setLevel(Level level) {
        logger.setLevel(level);
    }
    public String dolog(Level level, String msg) {
        return dolog(level,msg,null);
    }
    /**
     *
      * @param level
     * @param msg
     * @param thrown
     * @return msg="["+currentThread.getName()+"] "+a.getMethodName()+" "+msg;
     */
    public String dolog(Level level, String msg, Throwable thrown) {
        LogRecord lr = new LogRecord(level, msg);
        lr.setLevel(level);
        if(thrown!=null){
            lr.setThrown(thrown);
        }
        Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
        StackTraceElement[] temp=currentThread.getStackTrace();
        StackTraceElement a=(StackTraceElement)temp[3];
        lr.setThreadID((int) currentThread.getId());
        lr.setSourceClassName(logger.getName());
        lr.setSourceMethodName(a.getMethodName());
        lr.setLoggerName(logger.getName());
        logger.log(lr);
        return "["+currentThread.getName()+"] "+a.getMethodName()+" "+msg;
    }
    public static String getThrowable(Throwable e) {
        String throwable = "";
        if (e != null) {
            StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
            PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
            pw.println();
            e.printStackTrace(pw);
            pw.close();
            throwable = sw.toString();
        }
        return throwable;
    }
    public static String transferMsgSource(StringBuilder source,String msg){
        if(msg.indexOf(" ")>0){
            String threadName = msg.substring(0,msg.indexOf(" "))+ " ";
            msg=msg.substring(threadName.length());
            source.insert(0,threadName);
            if(msg.indexOf(" ")>0) {
                String method = msg.substring(0, msg.indexOf(" "));
                source.append( "." + method);
                msg = msg.substring(method.length()+1);
            }
        }
        return msg;
    }
}

package com.yy.operation;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class LoggerUtil {
   private static Logger curLogger = Logger.getLogger(LoggerUtil.class.getCanonicalName());
   private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, CommonLogger> loggers = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, CommonLogger>();
   public static CommonLogger getLogger(Class<?> clazz) {
      String className = clazz.getCanonicalName();
      CommonLogger logger = loggers.get(className);
      if (logger == null) {
         logger = CommonLogger.getLogger(className);
         curLogger.fine(MessageFormat.format("Register logger for {0}", className));
         loggers.put(className, logger);
      }
      return logger;
   }
}

#測試日誌類別

#定義日誌類別時發生改變，呼叫出的程式碼無需更改，以較小的代價，整合異常警報功能

public class LoggerTest {
    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(LoggerTest.class.getCanonicalName());
    @Test
    public void test() {
        try {
            int i = 1 / 0;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }
}

測試結果，頻道中出現列印的異常訊息，方便開發維運人員定位

五、最佳化擴展想法

• 可以不只實作列印異常日誌，也可以列印使用者的一些關鍵行為，如儲值等，頻道可以設定多個，發送不同主題的訊息

• 可以最佳化執行緒池

• 如果開發人員無法及時查看slack，也可以整合電子郵件，Slack中可以新增mailclark應用程式（單獨收費），經過配置後，發動頻道中的信息，可以自動郵件發送給任意郵箱，接受者無需建立slack帳號。具體配置可參考連結。

其他程式碼

package com.yy.common;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
 * @author ：Max
 * @date ：Created in 2022/8/26 下午1:51
 * @description：
 */
public class CommonThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private final ThreadGroup group;
    private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private final String threadNamePrefix;
    private final String nameSpecific;
    private final boolean isDaemon;
    public CommonThreadFactory(String nameSpecific) {
        this(nameSpecifihttps://juejin.cn/post/7136858841756467230#heading-4c, false);
    }
    public CommonThreadFactory(String nameSpecific, boolean isDaemon) {
        SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
        this.group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
                Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
        this.threadNamePrefix = "eg-pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread";
        this.nameSpecific = nameSpecific;
        this.isDaemon = isDaemon;
    }
    @Override
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
        Thread t = new Thread(group, r, String.format("%s-%d-%s",
                this.threadNamePrefix, threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), this.nameSpecific), 0);
        t.setDaemon(isDaemon);
        t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
        return t;
    }
}

public enum SlackChannelEnum {
    EXCEPTION("#test-example");
    public String channel;
    SlackChannelEnum(String channel) {
        this.channel = channel;
    }
}

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