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Java編寫小遊戲教學:不貪吃蛇遊戲

王林
王林轉載
2023-04-27 12:22:07864瀏覽

    Java編寫小遊戲教學:不貪吃蛇遊戲

    Java編寫小遊戲教學:不貪吃蛇遊戲

    #蛇、藥丸的抽象

    座標Point.java

    記錄橫縱座標值。

    package cn.xeblog.snake.model;
    
    import java.util.Objects;
    
    /**
     * 坐标
     *
     * @author anlingyi
     * @date 2022/8/2 3:35 PM
     */
    public class Point {
    
        public int x;
    
        public int y;
    
        public Point(int x, int y) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) return true;
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
            Point point = (Point) o;
            return x == point.x && y == point.y;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hash(x, y);
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Point{" +
                    "x=" + x +
                    ", y=" + y +
                    '}';
        }
    
    }

    移動方向 Direction.java

    提供上、下、左、右四個移動方向的枚舉。

    package cn.xeblog.snake.model;
    
    /**
     * @author anlingyi
     * @date 2022/8/2 5:25 PM
     */
    public enum Direction {
        UP,
        DOWN,
        LEFT,
        RIGHT
    }

    蛇Snake.java

    儲存蛇身座標信息,提供蛇身移動、移除蛇尾座標、取得蛇頭、蛇尾座標、蛇身長度等方法。 這裡講一下蛇移動的實現原理:

    遊戲開始時,會固定一個移動方向,蛇會一直朝著這個方向移動,我們可以透過方向鍵改變蛇的移動方向,蛇的移動其實就是將蛇身的座標移動一下位置,例如蛇身長度(不包含蛇頭)為6,移動時,只要將蛇身位置為5的座標移到位置為6的座標去,位置為4的座標移動到位置為5的座標去,簡單來說就是將前一個的座標換到它後面一個去,這是蛇身的移動,蛇頭的移動需要單獨計算,如果是上下方向移動,那就是對y座標的加減操作,向上移動需要減少一個蛇身的高度,向下則與之相反,需要加上一個蛇身的高度,左右運動同理。

    package cn.xeblog.snake.model;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * 蛇
     *
     * @author anlingyi
     * @date 2022/8/2 3:32 PM
     */
    public class Snake {
    
        public static int width = 10;
    
        public static int height = 10;
    
        /**
         * 蛇身坐标列表
         */
        public List<Point> body;
    
        public Snake(List<Point> body) {
            this.body = body;
        }
    
        /**
         * 添加蛇身坐标
         *
         * @param x
         * @param y
         */
        public void add(int x, int y) {
            this.body.add(new Point(x * width, y * height));
        }
    
        /**
         * 移除蛇尾坐标
         */
        public void removeLast() {
            int size = size();
            if (size == 0) {
                return;
            }
    
            this.body.remove(size - 1);
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取蛇头坐标
         *
         * @return
         */
        public Point getHead() {
            if (size() > 0) {
                return this.body.get(0);
            }
    
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取蛇尾坐标
         *
         * @return
         */
        public Point getTail() {
            int size = size();
            if (size > 0) {
                return this.body.get(size - 1);
            }
    
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * 蛇身长度
         *
         * @return
         */
        public int size() {
            return this.body.size();
        }
    
        /**
         * 蛇移动
         *
         * @param direction 移动方向
         */
        public void move(Direction direction) {
            if (size() == 0) {
                return;
            }
    
            for (int i = this.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {
                // 从蛇尾开始向前移动
                Point point = this.body.get(i);
                Point nextPoint = this.body.get(i - 1);
                point.x = nextPoint.x;
                point.y = nextPoint.y;
            }
    
            // 蛇头移动
            Point head = getHead();
            switch (direction) {
                case UP:
                    head.y -= height;
                    break;
                case DOWN:
                    head.y += height;
                    break;
                case LEFT:
                    head.x -= width;
                    break;
                case RIGHT:
                    head.x += width;
                    break;
            }
        }
    
    }

    藥丸 Pill.java

    儲存「藥丸「的座標、類型資訊。

    package cn.xeblog.snake.model;
    
    /**
     * 药丸
     *
     * @author anlingyi
     * @date 2022/8/2 4:49 PM
     */
    public class Pill {
    
        public static int width = 10;
    
        public static int height = 10;
    
        /**
         * 坐标
         */
        public Point point;
    
        /**
         * 药丸类型
         */
        public PillType pillType;
    
        public enum PillType {
            /**
             * 红色药丸
             */
            RED(5),
            /**
             * 蓝色药丸
             */
            BLUE(2),
            /**
             * 绿色药丸
             */
            GREEN(1),
            ;
    
            /**
             * 分数
             */
            public int score;
    
            PillType(int score) {
                this.score = score;
            }
        }
    
        public Pill(int x, int y, PillType pillType) {
            this.point = new Point(x * width, y * height);
            this.pillType = pillType;
        }
    
    }

    遊戲介面

    初始化一些訊息,例如遊戲介面的寬高、計時器、一些狀態識別(是否停止遊戲、遊戲是否勝利)、監聽一些按鍵事件(空白鍵開始/暫停遊戲、四個方向鍵控制蛇移動的方向),繪製遊戲畫面。

    當偵測到遊戲開始時,初始化蛇、「藥丸」的位置訊息,然後啟動計時器每隔一段時間重新繪製遊戲畫面,讓蛇可以動起來。

    當檢測到蛇咬到自己或蛇撞牆時,遊戲狀態將會被標記為“遊戲失敗”,繪製遊戲結束畫面,並且定時器停止,如果蛇身為0,則遊戲結束,遊戲狀態標示為「遊戲勝利」。

    package cn.xeblog.snake.ui;
    
    import cn.xeblog.snake.model.Direction;
    import cn.xeblog.snake.model.Pill;
    import cn.xeblog.snake.model.Point;
    import cn.xeblog.snake.model.Snake;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.Random;
    
    /**
     * @author anlingyi
     * @date 2022/8/2 3:51 PM
     */
    public class SnakeGameUI extends JPanel implements ActionListener {
    
        /**
         * 宽度
         */
        private int width;
    
        /**
         * 高度
         */
        private int height;
    
    
        /**
         * 蛇
         */
        private Snake snake;
    
        /**
         * 药丸
         */
        private Pill pill;
    
        /**
         * 移动方向
         */
        private Direction direction;
    
        /**
         * 停止游戏标记
         */
        private boolean stop;
    
        /**
         * 游戏状态 0.初始化 1.游戏胜利 2.游戏失败
         */
        private int state = -1;
    
        /**
         * 定时器
         */
        private Timer timer;
    
        /**
         * 移动速度
         */
        private int speed = 100;
    
        /**
         * 分数
         */
        private int score;
    
        /**
         * 特殊药丸列表
         */
        private ArrayList<Pill.PillType> specialPill;
    
        public SnakeGameUI(int width, int height) {
            this.width = width;
            this.height = height;
            this.timer = new Timer(speed, this);
            this.stop = true;
    
            initPanel();
        }
    
        /**
         * 初始化
         */
        private void init() {
            this.score = 0;
            this.state = 0;
            this.stop = true;
            this.timer.setDelay(speed);
    
            initSnake();
            initPill();
            generatePill();
            repaint();
        }
    
        /**
         * 初始化游戏面板
         */
        private void initPanel() {
            this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(this.width, this.height));
            this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                    if (stop && e.getKeyCode() != KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) {
                        return;
                    }
    
                    switch (e.getKeyCode()) {
                        case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
                            if (direction == Direction.DOWN) {
                                break;
                            }
    
                            direction = Direction.UP;
                            break;
                        case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
                            if (direction == Direction.UP) {
                                break;
                            }
    
                            direction = Direction.DOWN;
                            break;
                        case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
                            if (direction == Direction.RIGHT) {
                                break;
                            }
    
                            direction = Direction.LEFT;
                            break;
                        case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
                            if (direction == Direction.LEFT) {
                                break;
                            }
    
                            direction = Direction.RIGHT;
                            break;
                        case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:
                            if (state != 0) {
                                init();
                            }
    
                            stop = !stop;
                            if (!stop) {
                                timer.start();
                            }
                            break;
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    
        /**
         * 初始化蛇
         */
        private void initSnake() {
            this.direction = Direction.LEFT;
            int maxX = this.width / Snake.width;
            int maxY = this.height / Snake.height;
    
            this.snake = new Snake(new ArrayList<>());
            this.snake.add(maxX - 2, 3);
            this.snake.add(maxX - 1, 3);
            this.snake.add(maxX - 1, 2);
            this.snake.add(maxX - 1, 1);
            for (int i = maxX - 1; i > 0; i--) {
                this.snake.add(i, 1);
            }
            for (int i = 1; i < maxY - 1; i++) {
                this.snake.add(1, i);
            }
            for (int i = 1; i < maxX - 1; i++) {
                this.snake.add(i, maxY - 2);
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 初始化药丸
         */
        private void initPill() {
            this.specialPill = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                this.specialPill.add(Pill.PillType.RED);
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                this.specialPill.add(Pill.PillType.BLUE);
            }
    
            Collections.shuffle(specialPill);
        }
    
        /**
         * 生成药丸
         */
        private void generatePill() {
            // 是否获取特殊药丸
            boolean getSpecialPill = new Random().nextInt(6) == 3;
            Pill.PillType pillType;
            if (getSpecialPill && this.specialPill.size() > 0) {
                // 生成特殊药丸
                int index = new Random().nextInt(this.specialPill.size());
                pillType = this.specialPill.get(index);
                this.specialPill.remove(index);
            } else {
                // 生成绿色药丸
                pillType = Pill.PillType.GREEN;
            }
    
            // 随机坐标
            int x = new Random().nextInt(this.width / Pill.width - 1);
            int y = new Random().nextInt(this.height / Pill.height - 1);
            this.pill = new Pill(x, y, pillType);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
    
            Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
            g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON);
            g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
    
            g2.setColor(new Color(66, 66, 66));
            g2.fillRect(0, 0, this.width, this.height);
    
            if (this.snake != null) {
                // 画蛇
                g2.setColor(new Color(255, 255, 255));
                for (int i = this.snake.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    Point point = this.snake.body.get(i);
                    if (i == 0) {
                        // 蛇头
                        g2.setColor(new Color(255, 92, 92));
                    } else {
                        g2.setColor(new Color(215, 173, 173));
                    }
    
                    g2.fillRect(point.x, point.y, Snake.width, Snake.height);
                }
            }
    
            if (this.pill != null) {
                // 画药丸
                Color pillColor;
                switch (this.pill.pillType) {
                    case RED:
                        pillColor = new Color(255, 41, 41);
                        break;
                    case BLUE:
                        pillColor = new Color(20, 250, 243);
                        break;
                    default:
                        pillColor = new Color(97, 255, 113);
                        break;
                }
    
                g2.setColor(pillColor);
                g2.fillOval(pill.point.x, pill.point.y, Pill.width, Pill.height);
            }
    
            if (state > 0) {
                // 显示游戏结果
                String tips = "游戏失败!";
                if (state == 1) {
                    tips = "游戏胜利!";
                }
                g2.setFont(new Font("", Font.BOLD, 20));
                g2.setColor(new Color(208, 74, 74));
                g2.drawString(tips, this.width / 3, this.height / 3);
    
                g2.setFont(new Font("", Font.PLAIN, 18));
                g2.setColor(Color.WHITE);
                g2.drawString("得分:" + this.score, this.width / 2, this.height / 3 + 50);
            }
    
            if (stop) {
                g2.setFont(new Font("", Font.PLAIN, 18));
                g2.setColor(Color.WHITE);
                g2.drawString("按空格键开始/暂停游戏!", this.width / 4, this.height - 50);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            // 是否吃药
            boolean isAte = false;
            if (!this.stop) {
                // 移动蛇
                this.snake.move(this.direction);
                Point head = this.snake.getHead();
                if (head.equals(this.pill.point)) {
                    // 吃药了
                    isAte = true;
                    // 药丸分数
                    int getScore = this.pill.pillType.score;
                    // 累计分数
                    this.score += getScore;
                    for (int i = 0; i < getScore; i++) {
                        // 移除蛇尾
                        this.snake.removeLast();
                        if (this.snake.size() == 0) {
                            // 游戏胜利
                            this.state = 1;
                            this.stop = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
    
                    pill = null;
                    if (this.score % 10 == 0) {
                        int curSpeed = this.timer.getDelay();
                        if (curSpeed > 30) {
                            // 加速
                            this.timer.setDelay(curSpeed - 10);
                        }
                    }
                }
    
                if (state == 0) {
                    // 判断蛇有没有咬到自己或是撞墙
                    int maxWidth = this.width - this.snake.width;
                    int maxHeight = this.height - this.snake.height;
                    boolean isHitWall = head.x > maxWidth || head.x < 0 || head.y > maxHeight || head.y < 0;
                    boolean isBiting = false;
                    for (int i = this.snake.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {
                        if (head.equals(this.snake.body.get(i))) {
                            isBiting = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
    
                    if (isHitWall || isBiting) {
                        // 游戏失败
                        this.state = 2;
                        this.stop = true;
                    }
                }
            }
    
            if (this.stop) {
                this.timer.stop();
            } else if (isAte) {
                // 重新生成药丸
                generatePill();
            }
    
            repaint();
        }
    
    }

    啟動類別

    ###遊戲啟動入口。 ###
    package cn.xeblog.snake;
    
    import cn.xeblog.snake.ui.SnakeGameUI;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * 启动游戏
     *
     * @author anlingyi
     * @date 2022/8/2 3:41 PM
     */
    public class StartGame {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            JFrame frame = new JFrame();
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.setVisible(true);
            frame.setResizable(false);
            frame.setTitle("不贪吃蛇");
            frame.setSize(400, 320);
            frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
            JPanel gamePanel = new SnakeGameUI(400, 300);
            frame.add(gamePanel);
            gamePanel.requestFocus();
        }
    
    }

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