Java 9 Stream Collectors新增功能
Java 8 引入Collectors,用於累積輸入元素至可變的容器如,Map、List以及Set。本文看看Java 9 新增的兩個Collectors:Collectors.filtering 和Collectors.flatMapping,主要用於和Collectors.groupingBy 一起提供智慧的元素集合.
Collectors.filtering方法
Collectors.filtering方法類似於Stream filter()方法,後者用於過濾輸入元素,但兩者的使用場景不同。 Stream filter()在stream連結方法中使用,而Collectors.filtering方法被設計和 groupingBy一起使用。
Stream filter()先過濾元素,然後再分組。被過濾的值被丟棄無法被追溯追蹤。如果需要追蹤需要先分組然後再過濾,這正是 Collectors.filtering能做的。
Collectors.filtering帶函數參數用於過濾輸入參數,然後收集過濾元素:
@Test public void givenList_whenSatifyPredicate_thenMapValueWithOccurences() { List<Integer> numbers = List.of(1, 2, 3, 5, 5); Map<Integer, Long> result = numbers.stream() .filter(val -> val > 3) .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(i -> i, Collectors.counting())); assertEquals(1, result.size()); result = numbers.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(i -> i, Collectors.filtering(val -> val > 3, Collectors.counting()))); assertEquals(4, result.size()); }
Collectors.flatMapping方法
Collectors .flatMapping類似於Collectors.mapping 方法,但粒度更細。兩者都帶一個函數和一個收集器參數來收集元素,但flatMapping函數接收元素流,然後透過收集器進行累積操作。首先我們來看模型類別:
class Blog { private String authorName; private List<String> comments = new ArrayList<>(); public Blog(String authorName, String ... comment){ this.authorName = authorName; comments.addAll(Arrays.asList(comment)); } public String getAuthorName(){ return this.authorName; } public List<String> getComments(){ return comments; } }
Collectors.flatMapping 方法跳過中間集合,直接寫入單一有Collectors.groupingBy定義的群組映射容器中:
@Test public void givenListOfBlogs_whenAuthorName_thenMapAuthorWithComments() { Blog blog1 = new Blog("1", "Nice", "Very Nice"); Blog blog2 = new Blog("2", "Disappointing", "Ok", "Could be better"); List<Blog> blogs = List.of(blog1, blog2); Map<String, List<List<String>>> authorComments1 = blogs.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Blog::getAuthorName, Collectors.mapping(Blog::getComments, Collectors.toList()))); assertEquals(2, authorComments1.size()); assertEquals(2, authorComments1.get("1").get(0).size()); assertEquals(3, authorComments1.get("2").get(0).size()); Map<String, List<String>> authorComments2 = blogs.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Blog::getAuthorName, Collectors.flatMapping(blog -> blog.getComments().stream(), Collectors.toList()))); assertEquals(2, authorComments2.size()); assertEquals(2, authorComments2.get("1").size()); assertEquals(3, authorComments2.get("2").size()); }
Collectors.mapping映射所有分組(作者的評論)值收集的器容器中,如List。並且刪除中間集合,直接儲存集合至收集器的容器。
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