五個有趣的Python腳本

Python可以玩的方向有很多，例如爬蟲、預測分析、GUI、自動化、影像處理、視覺化等等，可能只需要十幾行程式碼就能實現酷炫的功能。

因為Python是動態腳本語言，所以程式碼邏輯比Java簡單很多，實作同樣的功能少寫很多程式碼。而且Python生態有眾多的第三方工具庫，把功能都封裝在包包裡，只需要你呼叫接口，就能使用複雜的功能。

下面舉幾個簡單好玩的腳本例子，初學者可以照著程式碼寫寫，能快速掌握python文法。

1、使用PIL、Matplotlib、Numpy對模糊舊照片進行修復

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image
import os.path

img_path = "E:\test.jpg"
img = Image.open(img_path)


img = np.asarray(img)
flat = img.flatten()


def get_histogram(image, bins):

histogram = np.zeros(bins)

for pixel in image:
histogram[pixel] += 1

return histogram


hist = get_histogram(flat, 256)


cs = np.cumsum(hist)


nj = (cs - cs.min()) * 255
N = cs.max() - cs.min()


cs = nj / N


cs = cs.astype('uint8')


img_new = cs[flat]


img_new = np.reshape(img_new, img.shape)


fig = plt.figure()
fig.set_figheight(15)
fig.set_figwidth(15)


fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.title("Image 'Before' Contrast Adjustment")


fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.imshow(img_new, cmap='gray')
plt.title("Image 'After' Contrast Adjustment")
filename = os.path.basename(img_path)


plt.show()

2、將檔案批次壓縮，使用zipfile庫

import os
import zipfile
from random import randrange


def zip_dir(path, zip_handler):
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for file in files:
zip_handler.write(os.path.join(root, file))


if __name__ == '__main__':
to_zip = input("""
Enter the name of the folder you want to zip
(N.B.: The folder name should not contain blank spaces)
>
""")
to_zip = to_zip.strip() + "/"
zip_file_name = f'zip{randrange(0,10000)}.zip'
zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_name, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zip_dir(to_zip, zip_file)
zip_file.close()
print(f'File Saved as {zip_file_name}')

3、使用tkinter製作計算機GUI

tkinter是python自帶的GUI庫，適合初學者練手創建小軟體

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Standard Calculator")
root.resizable(0, 0)


e = tk.Entry(root,
 width=35,
 bg='#f0ffff',
 fg='black',
 borderwidth=5,
 justify='right',
 font='Calibri 15')
e.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, padx=12, pady=12)


def buttonClick(num):
temp = e.get(
)
e.delete(0, tk.END)
e.insert(0, temp + num)


def buttonClear():
e.delete(0, tk.END)

4、PDF轉換為Word檔案

使用pdf2docx函式庫，可以將PDF檔案轉為Word格式

from pdf2docx import Converter
import os 
import sys


pdf = input("Enter the path to your file: ")
assert os.path.exists(pdf), "File not found at, "+str(pdf)
f = open(pdf,'r+')


doc_name_choice = input("Do you want to give a custom name to your file ?(Y/N)")

if(doc_name_choice == 'Y' or doc_name_choice == 'y'):

doc_name = input("Enter the custom name : ")+".docx"

else:


pdf_name = os.path.basename(pdf)

doc_name =os.path.splitext(pdf_name)[0] + ".docx"



cv = Converter(pdf)


path = os.path.dirname(pdf)

cv.convert(os.path.join(path, "", doc_name) , start=0, end=None)
print("Word doc created!")
cv.close()

5、Python自動傳送郵件

使用smtplib和email庫可以實現腳本發送郵件。

import smtplib
import email

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header


mail_host = "smtp.163.com"

mail_sender = "******@163.com"

mail_license = "********"

mail_receivers = ["******@qq.com","******@outlook.com"]

mm = MIMEMultipart('related')


subject_content = """Python邮件测试"""

mm["From"] = "sender_name<******@163.com>"

mm["To"] = "receiver_1_name<******@qq.com>,receiver_2_name<******@outlook.com>"

mm["Subject"] = Header(subject_content,'utf-8')


body_content = """你好，这是一个测试邮件！"""

message_text = MIMEText(body_content,"plain","utf-8")

mm.attach(message_text)


image_data = open('a.jpg','rb')

message_image = MIMEImage(image_data.read())

image_data.close()

mm.attach(message_image)


atta = MIMEText(open('sample.xlsx', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')

atta["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="sample.xlsx"'

mm.attach(atta)


stp = smtplib.SMTP()

stp.connect(mail_host, 25)

stp.set_debuglevel(1)

stp.login(mail_sender,mail_license)

stp.sendmail(mail_sender, mail_receivers, mm.as_string())
print("邮件发送成功")

stp.quit()

小結

Python還有很多好玩的小腳本，你可以根據自己的場景來寫，也可以使用現成的第三方函式庫。

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