詳述PHP適配器模式（附程式碼範例）

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PHP 適配器模式解說與程式碼範例

適配器是一種結構型設計模式， 它能使不相容的對象能夠相互合作。

適配器可擔任兩個物件間的封裝器， 它會接收對於一個物件的調用， 並將其轉換為另一個物件可識別的格式和介面。

複雜度：******

流行度：******

使用範例： 適配器模式在PHP 程式碼中很常見。 基於一些遺留程式碼的系統常常會使用該模式。 在這種情況下， 適配器讓遺留程式碼與現代的類別得以相互合作。

識別方法： 適配器可以透過以不同抽像或介面類型實例為參數的建構子來識別。 當適配器的任何方法被呼叫時， 它會將參數轉換為適當的格式， 然後將呼叫導向至其封裝物件中的一個或多個方法。

• 真實世界範例

適配器允許你使用第三方或遺留系統的類， 即使它們與你的程式碼不相容。例如， 你可以建立一系列特殊的封裝器， 來讓應用程式所發出的呼叫與第三方類別所要求的介面與格式適配， 而無需重寫應用程式的通知介面以使其支援每個第三方服務（如釘釘、 微信、 簡訊或其他任何服務）。

 index.php: 真實世界範例

<?php

namespace RefactoringGuru\Adapter\RealWorld;

/**
 * The Target interface represents the interface that your application&#39;s classes
 * already follow.
 */
interface Notification
{
    public function send(string $title, string $message);
}

/**
 * Here&#39;s an example of the existing class that follows the Target interface.
 *
 * The truth is that many real apps may not have this interface clearly defined.
 * If you&#39;re in that boat, your best bet would be to extend the Adapter from one
 * of your application&#39;s existing classes. If that&#39;s awkward (for instance,
 * SlackNotification doesn&#39;t feel like a subclass of EmailNotification), then
 * extracting an interface should be your first step.
 */
class EmailNotification implements Notification
{
    private $adminEmail;

    public function __construct(string $adminEmail)
    {
        $this->adminEmail = $adminEmail;
    }

    public function send(string $title, string $message): void
    {
        mail($this->adminEmail, $title, $message);
        echo "Sent email with title &#39;$title&#39; to &#39;{$this->adminEmail}&#39; that says &#39;$message&#39;.";
    }
}

/**
 * The Adaptee is some useful class, incompatible with the Target interface. You
 * can&#39;t just go in and change the code of the class to follow the Target
 * interface, since the code might be provided by a 3rd-party library.
 */
class SlackApi
{
    private $login;
    private $apiKey;

    public function __construct(string $login, string $apiKey)
    {
        $this->login = $login;
        $this->apiKey = $apiKey;
    }

    public function logIn(): void
    {
        // Send authentication request to Slack web service.
        echo "Logged in to a slack account &#39;{$this->login}&#39;.\n";
    }

    public function sendMessage(string $chatId, string $message): void
    {
        // Send message post request to Slack web service.
        echo "Posted following message into the &#39;$chatId&#39; chat: &#39;$message&#39;.\n";
    }
}

/**
 * The Adapter is a class that links the Target interface and the Adaptee class.
 * In this case, it allows the application to send notifications using Slack
 * API.
 */
class SlackNotification implements Notification
{
    private $slack;
    private $chatId;

    public function __construct(SlackApi $slack, string $chatId)
    {
        $this->slack = $slack;
        $this->chatId = $chatId;
    }

    /**
     * An Adapter is not only capable of adapting interfaces, but it can also
     * convert incoming data to the format required by the Adaptee.
     */
    public function send(string $title, string $message): void
    {
        $slackMessage = "#" . $title . "# " . strip_tags($message);
        $this->slack->logIn();
        $this->slack->sendMessage($this->chatId, $slackMessage);
    }
}

/**
 * The client code can work with any class that follows the Target interface.
 */
function clientCode(Notification $notification)
{
    // ...

    echo $notification->send("Website is down!",
        "<strong style=&#39;color:red;font-size: 50px;&#39;>Alert!</strong> " .
        "Our website is not responding. Call admins and bring it up!");

    // ...
}

echo "Client code is designed correctly and works with email notifications:\n";
$notification = new EmailNotification("developers@example.com");
clientCode($notification);
echo "\n\n";


echo "The same client code can work with other classes via adapter:\n";
$slackApi = new SlackApi("example.com", "XXXXXXXX");
$notification = new SlackNotification($slackApi, "Example.com Developers");
clientCode($notification);

Output.txt: 執行結果

Client code is designed correctly and works with email notifications:
Sent email with title &#39;Website is down!&#39; to &#39;developers@example.com&#39; that says &#39;<strong style=&#39;color:red;font-size: 50px;&#39;>Alert!</strong> Our website is not responding. Call admins and bring it up!&#39;.
The same client code can work with other classes via adapter:
Logged in to a slack account &#39;example.com&#39;.
Posted following message into the &#39;Example.com Developers&#39; chat: &#39;#Website is down!# Alert! Our website is not responding. Call admins and bring it up!&#39;.

• 概念範例

#本例說明了適配器設計模式的結構並重點回答了下面的問題：

• 它由哪些類別組成？
• 這些類別扮演了哪些角色？
• 模式中的各個元素會以何種方式相互關聯？

了解模式的結構後， 你可以更輕鬆地理解以下基於真實世界的 PHP 應用案例。

index.php:  概念範例

<?php

namespace RefactoringGuru\Adapter\Conceptual;

/**
 * The Target defines the domain-specific interface used by the client code.
 */
class Target
{
    public function request(): string
    {
        return "Target: The default target&#39;s behavior.";
    }
}

/**
 * The Adaptee contains some useful behavior, but its interface is incompatible
 * with the existing client code. The Adaptee needs some adaptation before the
 * client code can use it.
 */
class Adaptee
{
    public function specificRequest(): string
    {
        return ".eetpadA eht fo roivaheb laicepS";
    }
}

/**
 * The Adapter makes the Adaptee&#39;s interface compatible with the Target&#39;s
 * interface.
 */
class Adapter extends Target
{
    private $adaptee;

    public function __construct(Adaptee $adaptee)
    {
        $this->adaptee = $adaptee;
    }

    public function request(): string
    {
        return "Adapter: (TRANSLATED) " . strrev($this->adaptee->specificRequest());
    }
}

/**
 * The client code supports all classes that follow the Target interface.
 */
function clientCode(Target $target)
{
    echo $target->request();
}

echo "Client: I can work just fine with the Target objects:\n";
$target = new Target();
clientCode($target);
echo "\n\n";

$adaptee = new Adaptee();
echo "Client: The Adaptee class has a weird interface. See, I don&#39;t understand it:\n";
echo "Adaptee: " . $adaptee->specificRequest();
echo "\n\n";

echo "Client: But I can work with it via the Adapter:\n";
$adapter = new Adapter($adaptee);
clientCode($adapter);

#Output.txt:  執行結果

Client: I can work just fine with the Target objects:
Target: The default target's behavior.

Client: The Adaptee class has a weird interface. See, I don't understand it:
Adaptee: .eetpadA eht fo roivaheb laicepS

Client: But I can work with it via the Adapter:
Adapter: (TRANSLATED) Special behavior of the Adaptee.

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