vue狀態過度使用偵聽器「watch」進行監聽,透過偵聽器能監聽到任何數值property的數值更新。 Vue偵聽器是提供給開發者可以用來監控某些資料的變化,從而針對這些資料的變化進行某些操作。需要注意偵聽器本質上是一個函數,如果要監聽哪一個資料的變化,就把那個資料當作函數名。
本教學操作環境:windows7系統、vue3版,DELL G3電腦。
狀態就是數據,它包含了數值、顏色值、屬性值等等,所以狀態過渡指的是數據本身的過渡動效。
Vue 推薦透過 「資料驅動,響應式更新」 的方式來實現狀態過渡。其主要思路就是將一個狀態轉換為一個響應式變量,然後利用一些動態庫去更新這個響應式變量,從而驅動 Vue 的響應式更新,實現過渡的動態效果。
Vue 的過渡系統提供了非常多簡單的方法來設定進入、離開和清單的動效。那麼對於資料元素本身的動效呢,例如:
這些資料要麼本身就以數值形式存儲,要麼可以轉換為數值。有了這些數值後,我們就可以結合 Vue 的響應式和元件系統,使用第三方函式庫來實現切換元素的過渡狀態。
透過偵聽器我們能監聽到任何數值 property 的數值更新。
Vue偵聽器是提供給開發者可以用來監控某些資料的變化,從而針對這些資料的變化進行某些操作。
但是要注意:偵聽器本質上是一個函數,如果要監聽哪一個資料的變化,就把那個資料當作函數名稱
可能聽起來很抽象,所以讓我們先來看看使用GreenSock 一個例子:
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.2.4/gsap.min.js"></script> <div id="animated-number-demo"> <input v-model.number="number" type="number" step="20"> <p>{{ animatedNumber }}</p> </div> <script> new Vue({ el: '#animated-number-demo', data: { number: 0, tweenedNumber: 0 }, computed: { animatedNumber: function() { return this.tweenedNumber.toFixed(0); } }, watch: { number: function(newValue) { gsap.to(this.$data, { duration: 0.5, tweenedNumber: newValue }); } } }) </script>
#當你把數值更新時,就會觸發動畫。這個是一個不錯的演示,但是對於不能直接像數字一樣儲存的值,例如CSS 中的color 的值,透過下面的例子我們來透過Tween.js 和Color.js 實作一個範例:
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/tween.js@16.3.4"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/color-js@1.0.3"></script> <div id="example-7"> <input v-model="colorQuery" v-on:keyup.enter="updateColor" placeholder="Enter a color" > <button v-on:click="updateColor">Update</button> <p>Preview:</p> <span v-bind:style="{ backgroundColor: tweenedCSSColor }" class="example-7-color-preview" ></span> <p>{{ tweenedCSSColor }}</p> </div> <script> var Color = net.brehaut.Color new Vue({ el: '#example-7', data: { colorQuery: '', color: { red: 0, green: 0, blue: 0, alpha: 1 }, tweenedColor: {} }, created: function () { this.tweenedColor = Object.assign({}, this.color) }, watch: { color: function () { function animate () { if (TWEEN.update()) { requestAnimationFrame(animate) } } new TWEEN.Tween(this.tweenedColor) .to(this.color, 750) .start() animate() } }, computed: { tweenedCSSColor: function () { return new Color({ red: this.tweenedColor.red, green: this.tweenedColor.green, blue: this.tweenedColor.blue, alpha: this.tweenedColor.alpha }).toCSS() } }, methods: { updateColor: function () { this.color = new Color(this.colorQuery).toRGB() this.colorQuery = '' } } }) .example-7-color-preview { display: inline-block; width: 50px; height: 50px; } </script>
就像Vue 的過渡組件一樣,資料背後狀態過渡會即時更新,這對於原型設計十分有用。當你修改一些變量,即使是一個簡單的 SVG 多邊形也可實現許多難以想像的效果。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Dynamic State Transitions</title> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/1.18.5/TweenLite.min.js"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/vue"></script> <style> svg { display: block; } polygon { fill: #41b883; } circle { fill: transparent; stroke: #35495e; } input[type="range"] { display: block; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 15px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <svg width="200" height="200"> <polygon :points="points"></polygon> <circle cx="100" cy="100" r="90"></circle> </svg> <label>Sides: {{ sides }}</label> <input type="range" min="3" max="500" v-model.number="sides" /> <label>Minimum Radius: {{ minRadius }}%</label> <input type="range" min="0" max="90" v-model.number="minRadius" /> <label>Update Interval: {{ updateInterval }} milliseconds</label> <input type="range" min="10" max="2000" v-model.number="updateInterval" /> </div> <script> new Vue({ el: "#app", data: function() { var defaultSides = 10; var stats = Array.apply(null, { length: defaultSides }).map( function() { return 100; } ); return { stats: stats, points: generatePoints(stats), sides: defaultSides, minRadius: 50, interval: null, updateInterval: 500 }; }, watch: { sides: function(newSides, oldSides) { var sidesDifference = newSides - oldSides; if (sidesDifference > 0) { for (var i = 1; i <= sidesDifference; i++) { this.stats.push(this.newRandomValue()); } } else { var absoluteSidesDifference = Math.abs(sidesDifference); for (var i = 1; i <= absoluteSidesDifference; i++) { this.stats.shift(); } } }, stats: function(newStats) { TweenLite.to(this.$data, this.updateInterval / 1000, { points: generatePoints(newStats) }); }, updateInterval: function() { this.resetInterval(); } }, mounted: function() { this.resetInterval(); }, methods: { randomizeStats: function() { var vm = this; this.stats = this.stats.map(function() { return vm.newRandomValue(); }); }, newRandomValue: function() { return Math.ceil( this.minRadius + Math.random() * (100 - this.minRadius) ); }, resetInterval: function() { var vm = this; clearInterval(this.interval); this.randomizeStats(); this.interval = setInterval(function() { vm.randomizeStats(); }, this.updateInterval); } } }); function valueToPoint(value, index, total) { var x = 0; var y = -value * 0.9; var angle = ((Math.PI * 2) / total) * index; var cos = Math.cos(angle); var sin = Math.sin(angle); var tx = x * cos - y * sin + 100; var ty = x * sin + y * cos + 100; return { x: tx, y: ty }; } function generatePoints(stats) { var total = stats.length; return stats .map(function(stat, index) { var point = valueToPoint(stat, index, total); return point.x + "," + point.y; }) .join(" "); } </script> </body> </html>
管理太多的狀態過渡會很快的增加Vue 實例或者元件的複雜性,幸好很多的動畫可以提取到專用的子元件。我們來將先前的範例改寫一下:
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/tween.js@16.3.4"></script> <div id="example-8"> <input v-model.number="firstNumber" type="number" step="20"> + <input v-model.number="secondNumber" type="number" step="20"> = {{ result }} <p> <animated-integer v-bind:value="firstNumber"></animated-integer> + <animated-integer v-bind:value="secondNumber"></animated-integer> = <animated-integer v-bind:value="result"></animated-integer> </p> </div> <script> // 这种复杂的补间动画逻辑可以被复用 // 任何整数都可以执行动画 // 组件化使我们的界面十分清晰 // 可以支持更多更复杂的动态过渡 // 策略。 Vue.component('animated-integer', { template: '<span>{{ tweeningValue }}</span>', props: { value: { type: Number, required: true } }, data: function () { return { tweeningValue: 0 } }, watch: { value: function (newValue, oldValue) { this.tween(oldValue, newValue) } }, mounted: function () { this.tween(0, this.value) }, methods: { tween: function (startValue, endValue) { var vm = this function animate () { if (TWEEN.update()) { requestAnimationFrame(animate) } } new TWEEN.Tween({ tweeningValue: startValue }) .to({ tweeningValue: endValue }, 500) .onUpdate(function () { vm.tweeningValue = this.tweeningValue.toFixed(0) }) .start() animate() } } }) // 所有的复杂度都已经从 Vue 的主实例中移除! new Vue({ el: '#example-8', data: { firstNumber: 20, secondNumber: 40 }, computed: { result: function () { return this.firstNumber + this.secondNumber } } }) </script>
我們能在元件中結合使用這一節講到各種過渡策略和Vue 內建的過渡系統。總之,對於完成各種過渡動效幾乎沒有阻礙。
只要一個動畫,就可以帶來生命。不幸的是,當設計師創建圖標、logo 和吉祥物的時候,他們交付的通常都是圖片或靜態的 SVG。所以,雖然 GitHub 的章魚貓、Twitter 的小鳥以及其它許多 logo 類似於生靈,它們看起來實際上並不是活著的。
Vue 可以幫到你。因為 SVG 的本質是數據,我們只需要這些動物興奮、思考或警戒的範例。然後 Vue 就可以輔助完成這幾種狀態之間的過渡動畫,來製作你的歡迎頁面、載入指示、以及更有情感的提示。
Sarah Drasner 展示了下面這個 demo,這個 demo 結合了時間和互動相關的狀態改變:
##資源:https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/vue/2.1.10/vue.min.js
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/1.19.1/TweenMax.min.js
HTML代码
<div id="app" @mousemove="coordinates"> <p>Move your mouse or tap</p> <svg id="walle" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.4 129.4"> <defs> <clipPath id="clip-path" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <circle cx="140.5" cy="978.2" r="4.3" fill="none"/> </clipPath> <clipPath id="clip-path-2" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <path d="M148.5,976.5s1.3,5.2-3.2,6.7l3.4,3.6,9.3-2.1-5-8.3Z" fill="none"/> </clipPath> <clipPath id="clip-path-3" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <circle cx="155.8" cy="983.6" r="4.3" fill="none"/> </clipPath> <clipPath id="clip-path-4" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <path d="M130.4,1007.6s1.3-.4,1.9.7a1.5,1.5,0,0,1-.3,1.8c-.2.3-4.5,2.9-4.5,2.9l-20.6,13.7-3.5-6.4Z" fill="none"/> </clipPath> <clipPath id="clip-path-5" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)"> <path d="M150.6,1000s1.4.3,1.3,1.5a1.5,1.5,0,0,1-1.1,1.5c-.3.2-5.3.5-5.3.5l-24.6,2.3v-7.3Z" fill="none"/> </clipPath> </defs> <g id="Layer_3" data-name="Layer 3"> <ellipse id="shadow" cx="71.5" cy="100.4" rx="26.5" ry="3.6" fill="#394848" opacity="0.35"/> </g> <g id="Layer_2" data-name="Layer 2"> <g class="head" v-bind:class="{isFlipped: flip}"> <g id="neck"> <g id="neckb"> <path d="M157.8,995.6a2.6,2.6,0,1,1-4.1-2.2,6.1,6.1,0,0,0-1.7-.3c-1-.2-.9-1.3-.8-1.8a1.6,1.6,0,0,1-.5-1.2,1.7,1.7,0,1,1,3.4,0,1.6,1.6,0,0,1-.5,1.2,5.8,5.8,0,0,0,1.7,1.8A2.6,2.6,0,0,1,157.8,995.6Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <circle cx="70.6" cy="65.6" r="0.9" fill="#636767"/> <circle cx="73.3" cy="71.2" r="1.6" fill="none" stroke="#636767" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="0.5"/> </g> <g id="neckf"> <path id="wire" d="M147.3,989.3s-2-1.9-.7-3.2l3.4-3.7.3.9s-2.6,2.5-3.2,3.3.9,2.5.9,2.5Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#394848"/> <path fill="#a2b2b3" d="M64.6 67.1L65.3 67.6 69.3 67.5 69.6 67 64.6 67.1z"/> <path d="M149.8,983.4l.2,2.6-1.9,2.3-1.7.2s-2.5,1.9.3,3.1h4.8s-1.9-2,.5-2.8l-1.5-.2,2.4-2.3L152,983Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#ddeced"/> 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100.7L90.6 100.7"/> <path d="M165.8,1007.5H161s-.6-.2-1.9,1.2l-12,12.2s-1.3,2.2.3,3.3a3.8,3.8,0,0,0,3,.8h6.8Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#0c1112" opacity="0.41"/> <path d="M167.9,1007.2l-4.8-.2s-.6-.2-2,1.2l-12.5,12.7s-1.4,2.3.3,3.5a3.9,3.9,0,0,0,3.1.8h7.1Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#394848"/> <path d="M170.4,1009.2s-2-4.6-6.5-.1l-11,11.2s-3.8,4.1,1.4,4.8h16.2s7.8.2,5.5-7.4Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <path d="M169.7,1010.8s-1.7-3.8-5.3-.1l-9,9.1s-3.1,3.3,1.2,3.9h13.3s6.4.1,4.6-6Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#636767"/> <path d="M173.6,1017.2l-3-1.7s-11.2.1-6,8.1h5.9Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#394848" opacity="0.78"/> <path d="M165.1,1010l1.6,4.6s-1.3-.6-1.3,1.2-3.4,3.2-3.4,3.2-1.2-.3-1.4,1.2-2.6,3.4-2.6,3.4H155s-3.5-.1-.4-3h0Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#394848" opacity="0.78"/> <g id="wheel"> <circle cx="85.4" cy="87.6" r="2.9" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <circle cx="85.4" cy="87.6" r="2" fill="#ddeced"/> <ellipse cx="85.1" cy="87.6" rx="1.1" ry="0.8" fill="#394848"/> <circle cx="85.5" cy="87.6" r="0.8" fill="#a2b2b3"/> </g> <g id="wheel-2" data-name="wheel"> <circle cx="81" cy="92.2" r="2.9" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <circle cx="81" cy="92.2" r="2" fill="#ddeced"/> <ellipse cx="80.7" cy="92.2" rx="1.1" ry="0.8" fill="#394848"/> <circle cx="81.1" cy="92.2" r="0.8" fill="#a2b2b3"/> </g> <g id="wheel-3" data-name="wheel"> <circle cx="76.7" cy="96.5" r="2.9" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <circle cx="76.7" cy="96.5" r="2" fill="#ddeced"/> <ellipse cx="76.4" cy="96.5" rx="1.1" ry="0.8" fill="#394848"/> <circle cx="76.8" cy="96.5" r="0.8" fill="#a2b2b3"/> </g> <g id="wheel-4" data-name="wheel"> <circle cx="88.9" cy="95.2" r="4.1" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <circle cx="88.9" cy="95.2" r="2.8" fill="#ddeced"/> <ellipse cx="88.5" cy="95.2" rx="1.6" ry="1.1" fill="#394848"/> <circle cx="89" cy="95.2" r="1.1" fill="#a2b2b3"/> </g> </g> <g id="leftarm"> <g id="bicep"> <path d="M165.2,998.3H151.2a3.5,3.5,0,0,0-2.7,4.2c.4,2.3,4.4,2.4,4.4,2.4l11.9-.3s4.2.8,3.9-2.8A3.5,3.5,0,0,0,165.2,998.3Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#f2791e"/> <path d="M154.1,998.4h12.7s2.2.2,2.2,3.1c0,0,.3,2.8-1.8,3s-13.1.3-13.1.3Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#ddeced"/> <path fill="#636767" d="M72.3 78L75.9 73.8 78.5 73.9 73.5 80.2 72.3 80.2 72.3 78z"/> <path fill="#636767" d="M76 80.2L81.4 73.9 84 73.9 79 80.1 76 80.2z"/> <path d="M163.9,1004.5l4.3-5.4a2.6,2.6,0,0,1,.6,1.9l-2.8,3.5Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#636767"/> </g> <g clip-path="url(#clip-path-5)"> <path id="newleftarm" d="M150.1,1000.7s-1.8-.3-2,.9,1.8,1,1.8,1l17-.2s1.1-.7.3-1.5S150.1,1000.7,150.1,1000.7Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#a2b2b3"/> </g> <g id="hand"> <ellipse cx="66.8" cy="77.3" rx="0.9" ry="0.9" fill="#636767"/> <path d="M146.1,998.7l4.5,4.9a.8.8,0,0,1-.3,1.1l-3.5,2.1s-.5,0-.4.8,1,1.5.1,2-5.7-2.6-5.7-2.6l-2-4.5a1.7,1.7,0,0,1,1.3-2Z" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="#a2b2b3"/> <path d="M147.2,1001.1l-4.3,1.1a1.6,1.6,0,0,0-1.1,2.1c.3,1.2,1,3.2,1,3.2" transform="translate(-81.8 -924.4)" fill="none" stroke="#636767" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="0.5" opacity="0.46"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div>
CSS代码
body { width: 100vw; height: 100vh; overflow: hidden; font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; background: #23a9e0; cursor: url('https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s.cdpn.io/28963/cockroach%20(2).ico'), default; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; } #app { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; } svg { width: 100vw; height: 100vh; max-height: 400px; margin-left: 20vw; } p { font-size: 16px; color: white; text-align: center; } .isFlipped { transform: scaleX(-1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; } #leftarm { transform-origin: 100% 0; } @media screen and (max-width: 600px) { svg { max-height: 200px !important; margin-left: 0 !important; } }
JavaScript代码
new Vue({ el: '#app', data() { return { startX: 0, x: 0, y: 0, flip: false, audioPlay: false, startArms: 0 } }, methods: { armsTL() { let tl = new TimelineMax(); tl.add('startarms') tl.to('#backhand', 2, { x: -16, rotation: 150, transformOrigin: '50% 50%' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#rightarm', 2, { rotation: 30, transformOrigin: '100% 0' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#newrightarm', 2, { x: -94, y: -918, rotation: 10, transformOrigin: '100% 100%' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#hand', 2, { x: -15, y: -7, rotation: 90, transformOrigin: '50% 50%' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#leftarm', 2, { rotation: 20, transformOrigin: '100% 0' }, 'startarms'); tl.to('#newleftarm', 2, { x: -100, y: -924, transformOrigin: '100% 100%' }, 'startarms'); return tl; }, coordinates(e) { const audio = new Audio('https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s.cdpn.io/28963/Whoa.mp3'), walleBox = document.getElementById('walle').getBoundingClientRect(), walleCoords = walleBox.width / 2 + walleBox.left; if (this.startArms == 0) { this.startArms = this.armsTL(); } this.y = e.clientY / 80 - 2; if (e.clientX > walleCoords) { this.x = -(e.clientX / 200); this.flip = true; if (this.audioPlay === false) { audio.play(); this.audioPlay = true; } } else { this.audioPlay = false; this.x = e.clientX / 200 - 5; this.flip = false; TweenMax.set("#righteyeb2", { scaleX: 1 + (1 - e.clientX / walleCoords) / 5 }); TweenMax.set("#lefteyeb2", { scaleX: 1 + (1 - e.clientX / walleCoords) / 5 }); TweenMax.set("#walle", { x: ((e.clientX / walleCoords) * 50) - 40 }); this.startArms.progress(1 - (e.clientX / walleCoords)).pause(); } }, }, mounted() { let tl = new TimelineMax({ repeat: -1, repeatDelay: 2 }); tl.add('redo') tl.to('#lefteye', 0.5, { rotation: 5, repeat: 3, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '100% 50%', ease: Sine.easeOut }, 'redo'); tl.to('#righteye', 0.5, { rotation: -5, repeat: 3, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '0% 30%', ease: Sine.easeOut }, 'redo+=0'); tl.fromTo('#lefteyeball', 0.05, { scaleY: 1 }, { scaleY: 0, repeat: 3, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '50% 50%', ease: Circ.easeOut }, 'redo+=4'); tl.fromTo('#righteyeball', 0.05, { scaleY: 1 }, { scaleY: 0, repeat: 3, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '50% 50%', ease: Circ.easeOut }, 'redo+=4'); tl.to('#eyecontain', 0.4, { rotation: -15, repeat: 1, yoyo: true, transformOrigin: '50% 50%', ease: Sine.easeInOut }, 'redo+=2'); } }); TweenMax.to('p', 0.5, { opacity: 0, delay: 2, ease: Sine.easeIn });
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