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原始碼解釋:##
def namedtuple(typename, field_names, *, rename=False, defaults=None, module=None): """Returns a new subclass of tuple with named fields. >>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y']) >>> Point.__doc__ # docstring for the new class 'Point(x, y)' >>> p = Point(11, y=22) # instantiate with positional args or keywords >>> p[0] + p[1] # indexable like a plain tuple 33 >>> x, y = p # unpack like a regular tuple >>> x, y (11, 22) >>> p.x + p.y # fields also accessible by name 33 >>> d = p._asdict() # convert to a dictionary >>> d['x'] 11 >>> Point(**d) # convert from a dictionary Point(x=11, y=22) >>> p._replace(x=100) # _replace() is like str.replace() but targets named fields Point(x=100, y=22) """
語法結構:
namedtuple(typename, field_names, *, rename=False, defaults=None, module=None)
範例程式碼1:
from collections import namedtuple # 定义一个命名元祖city,City类,有name/country/population/coordinates四个字段 city = namedtuple('City', 'name country population coordinates') tokyo = city('Tokyo', 'JP', 36.933, (35.689, 139.69)) print(tokyo) # _fields 类属性,返回一个包含这个类所有字段名称的元组 print(city._fields) # 定义一个命名元祖latLong,LatLong类,有lat/long两个字段 latLong = namedtuple('LatLong', 'lat long') delhi_data = ('Delhi NCR', 'IN', 21.935, latLong(28.618, 77.208)) # 用 _make() 通过接受一个可迭代对象来生成这个类的一个实例,作用跟City(*delhi_data)相同 delhi = city._make(delhi_data) # _asdict() 把具名元组以 collections.OrderedDict 的形式返回,可以利用它来把元组里的信息友好地呈现出来。 print(delhi._asdict())
運行結果:
##範例程式碼2:from collections import namedtuple
Person = namedtuple('Person', ['age', 'height', 'name'])
data2 = [Person(10, 1.4, 'xiaoming'), Person(12, 1.5, 'xiaohong')]
print(data2)
res = data2[0].age
print(res)
res2 = data2[1].name
print(res2)
範例程式碼3:
from collections import namedtuple
card = namedtuple('Card', ['rank', 'suit']) # 定义一个命名元祖card,Card类,有rank和suit两个字段
class FrenchDeck(object):
ranks = [str(n) for n in range(2, 5)] + list('XYZ')
suits = 'AA BB CC DD'.split() # 生成一个列表,用空格将字符串分隔成列表
def __init__(self):
# 生成一个命名元组组成的列表,将suits、ranks两个列表的元素分别作为命名元组rank、suit的值。
self._cards = [card(rank, suit) for suit in self.suits for rank in self.ranks]
print(self._cards)
# 获取列表的长度
def __len__(self):
return len(self._cards)
# 根据索引取值
def __getitem__(self, item):
return self._cards[item]
f = FrenchDeck()
print(f.__len__())
print(f.__getitem__(3))
範例程式碼4:
##
from collections import namedtuple person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name']) p1 = person('san', 'zhang') print(p1) print('first item is:', (p1.first_name, p1[0])) print('second item is', (p1.last_name, p1[1]))##運行結果:
範例程式碼5: 【_make 從存在的序列或迭代建立實例】
from collections import namedtuple course = namedtuple('Course', ['course_name', 'classroom', 'teacher', 'course_data']) math = course('math', 'ERB001', 'Xiaoming', '09-Feb') print(math) print(math.course_name, math.course_data) course_list = [ ('computer_science', 'CS001', 'Jack_ma', 'Monday'), ('EE', 'EE001', 'Dr.han', 'Friday'), ('Pyhsics', 'EE001', 'Prof.Chen', 'None') ] for k in course_list: course_i = course._make(k) print(course_i)
#執行結果:
範例程式碼6: 【_asdict 傳回一個新的ordereddict,將欄位名稱對應到對應的值】
from collections import namedtuple person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name']) zhang_san = ('Zhang', 'San') p = person._make(zhang_san) print(p) # 返回的类型不是dict,而是orderedDict print(p._asdict())
執行結果:
範例程式碼7: 【_replace 傳回一個新的實例,並將指定域替換為新的值】
from collections import namedtuple person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name']) zhang_san = ('Zhang', 'San') p = person._make(zhang_san) print(p) p_replace = p._replace(first_name='Wang') print(p_replace) print(p) p_replace2 = p_replace._replace(first_name='Dong') print(p_replace2)
運行結果:
範例程式碼8: 【 _fields 回傳欄位名稱】
from collections import namedtuple person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name']) zhang_san = ('Zhang', 'San') p = person._make(zhang_san) print(p) print(p._fields)
運行結果:
範例程式碼9: #【利用fields可以將兩個namedtuple組合在一起】
from collections import namedtuple person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name']) print(person._fields) degree = namedtuple('Degree', 'major degree_class') print(degree._fields) person_with_degree = namedtuple('person_with_degree', person._fields + degree._fields) print(person_with_degree._fields) zhang_san = person_with_degree('san', 'zhang', 'cs', 'master') print(zhang_san)
運行結果:
範例程式碼10: #【 field_defaults】
from collections import namedtuple person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name'], defaults=['san']) print(person._fields) print(person._field_defaults) print(person('zhang')) print(person('Li', 'si'))
運行結果:
##範例程式碼11:
【namedtuple是一個類,所以可以透過子類別更改功能】
from collections import namedtuple Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y']) p = Point(4, 5) print(p) class Point(namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])): __slots__ = () @property def hypot(self): return self.x + self.y def hypot2(self): return self.x + self.y def __str__(self): return 'result is %.3f' % (self.x + self.y) aa = Point(4, 5) print(aa) print(aa.hypot) print(aa.hypot2)
運行結果:
範例程式碼12:
【注意觀察兩種寫法的差異】
from collections import namedtuple Point = namedtuple("Point", ["x", "y"]) p = Point(11, 22) print(p) print(p.x, p.y) # namedtuple本质上等于下面写法 class Point2(object): def __init__(self, x, y): self.x = x self.y = y o = Point2(33, 44) print(o) print(o.x, o.y)
運行結果:
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Python3影片教學】
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