中介軟體有:1、Authenticate;2、CheckForMaintenanceMode;3、EncryptCookies;4、RedirectIfAuthenticated;5、TrimStrings;6、TrustProxies等等。
本教學操作環境:windows7系統、Laravel6版、Dell G3電腦。
Laravel自帶的中間件
Laravel 自帶了一些中間件,包括身份驗證、CSRF 保護等。 Laravel 具體啟用了哪些中間件,可透過 app\Http\Kernel.php 檔案查看。對於以 \App\Http\Middleware\ 開頭的中間件(位於 app/Http/Middleware 目錄)是我們可以對其行為進行自訂的中間件。
Authenticate 中間件
來源檔:app\Http\Middleware\Http\Middleware\Authenticate.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Middleware; use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate as Middleware; class Authenticate extends Middleware { /** * Get the path the user should be redirected to when they are not authenticated. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return string */ protected function redirectTo($request) { if (! $request->expectsJson()) { return route('login'); } } }
作用:
使用者身份驗證。可修改 redirectTo 方法,傳回未經驗證的使用者應該重定向到的路徑。
CheckForMaintenanceMode 中間件
來源檔案:app\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Middleware; use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode as Middleware; class CheckForMaintenanceMode extends Middleware { /** * The URIs that should be reachable while maintenance mode is enabled. * * @var array */ protected $except = [ // ]; }
作用:
偵測項目是否處於維護模式。可透過 $except 數組屬性設定在維護模式下仍能存取的網址。
EncryptCookies 中間件
來源檔案:app\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Middleware; use Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\EncryptCookies as Middleware; class EncryptCookies extends Middleware { /** * The names of the cookies that should not be encrypted. * * @var array */ protected $except = [ // ]; }
作用
對Cookie 進行加解密處理與驗證。可透過 $except 數組屬性設定不做加密處理的 cookie。
RedirectIfAuthenticated 中間件
來源檔:app\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Middleware; use Closure; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth; class RedirectIfAuthenticated { /** * Handle an incoming request. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @param \Closure $next * @param string|null $guard * @return mixed */ public function handle($request, Closure $next, $guard = null) { if (Auth::guard($guard)->check()) { return redirect('/home'); } return $next($request); } }
作用:
當請求頁是註冊、登入、忘記密碼時,偵測使用者是否已經登錄,如果已經登錄,那麼就重新導向到首頁,如果沒有就開啟對應介面。可以在 handle 方法中自訂重定向到的路徑。
TrimStrings 中間件
來源檔:app\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Middleware; use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings as Middleware; class TrimStrings extends Middleware { /** * The names of the attributes that should not be trimmed. * * @var array */ protected $except = [ 'password', 'password_confirmation', ]; }
作用:
對請求參數內容進行前後空白字元清理。可透過 $except 陣列屬性設定不做處理的參數。
TrustProxies 中間件
原始檔:app\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies.php
##
<?php namespace App\Http\Middleware; use Illuminate\Http\Request; use Fideloper\Proxy\TrustProxies as Middleware; class TrustProxies extends Middleware { /** * The trusted proxies for this application. * * @var array|string */ protected $proxies; /** * The headers that should be used to detect proxies. * * @var int */ protected $headers = Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_ALL; }作用:配置可信任代理程式。可透過 $proxies 屬性設定可信任代理列表,$headers 屬性設定用來偵測代理程式的 HTTP 頭字段。
VerifyCsrfToken 中間件
來源檔:app\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken.php#
<?php namespace App\Http\Middleware; use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken as Middleware; class VerifyCsrfToken extends Middleware { /** * Indicates whether the XSRF-TOKEN cookie should be set on the response. * * @var bool */ protected $addHttpCookie = true; /** * The URIs that should be excluded from CSRF verification. * * @var array */ protected $except = [ // ]; }作用:驗證請求裡的令牌是否與儲存在會話中令牌相符。可透過 $except 陣列屬性設定不做 CSRF 驗證的網址。
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