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linux下如何安裝oracle 11g資料庫?

青灯夜游
青灯夜游轉載
2020-08-22 11:53:035376瀏覽

linux下如何安裝oracle 11g資料庫?以下這篇文章跟大家介紹一下linux下安裝和設定oracle 11g資料庫。有一定的參考價值,有需要的朋友可以參考一下,希望對大家有幫助。

linux下如何安裝oracle 11g資料庫?

linux下命令列安裝oracle 11g資料庫

1、準備:

本次安裝的基本環境:vmware中安裝centos6.10(虛擬機器安裝這裡就不做介紹了)

虛擬機器需求:記憶體推薦2G以上

#需要下載Linux版本下對應的oracle安裝套件:

下載網址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

對應的oracle版本:

       linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

 .zip課程推薦:《

linux課程

2、機器基礎設定修改

1)設定係統:Oracle 只支援作業系統Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6,故需將/etc/redhat-release中的內容改成Red Hat

[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release  
#CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
(2)機器資訊關閉,selinux,防火牆的不必要的服務

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config                         //selinux关闭(disabled)
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop                        //防火墙关闭
[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.152.130   Oracle                          //新增行:IP 机器名(这是我的ip和主机名)

(3)修改使用者的限製檔

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf                //在该文件内添加以下内容
oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

(4)修改內核參數

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf		//在文件中添加以下内容
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 
fs.file-max = 6815744 
kernel.shmall = 10523004 
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 
kernel.shmmni = 4096 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 
net.core.rmem_default=262144 
net.core.wmem_default=262144 
net.core.rmem_max=4194304 
net.core.wmem_max=1048576 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
[root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p				// 执行这条语句使配置生效

(5)依賴套件安裝

[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp

3、建立使用者、群組,安裝目錄

(1)建立使用者、群組

[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper
[root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# id oracle		//查看用户所属组
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)

(2)新安裝目錄

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app

(3)設定並刷新環境變數

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile   //给该文件添加以下内容
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
[root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile		//执行该句使配置生效

4、安裝Oracle

(1)拷貝Oracle安裝檔到指定目錄

[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/

(2)切換到oracle用戶,解壓縮安裝包

[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解壓縮後得到database目錄,其中response目錄裡面有三個rsp文件,用來作為靜默安裝時應答文件的模板。分別為:

[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l
total 76
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug  8 17:10 dbca.rsp      //安装应答
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug  8 14:23 db_install.rsp      //创建数据库应答
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall  5740 Feb 26  2009 netca.rsp //建立监听,本地服务名等网络设置

(5)修改設定文件,安裝Oracle資料庫

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/           //备份

(6)修改後的靜默安裝設定檔db_install.rsp內容如下:

[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$'
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=

(7)開始靜默安裝

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database
[oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

(8)查看安裝進度

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs
[oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log

(9)當出現以下資訊時

var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
	1. Open a terminal window
	2. Log in  as "root"
	3. Run the scripts
	4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.

開啟新的客戶端使用root身分執行以下腳本

[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

(10)執行完上面的腳本後回到安裝介面按下Enter繼續。

5、設定Oracle監聽

(1)執行監聽檔案

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response
[oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

成功之後,在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ network/admin目錄下會產生sqlnet.ora和listener.ora兩個檔案

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls
listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora

執行下列指令查看監聽器是否已經在1521埠上開始工作了

[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521
tcp        0      0 :::1521                     :::*                        LISTEN      1792/tnslsnr

如果監聽沒有啟動,則手動啟動監聽器

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

(2)配置Oracle資料庫

[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd
/var/app/oracle/database/response
[oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"     //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="ora11g"    //149行 SID
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"    //190行
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"   //200行
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码

(3)建立資料庫

[oracle@Oracle ~]$  $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

6、啟動資料庫

#進入Oracle SQL命令列

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'

启动时会出现以上错误,解决方法如下:找到init.ora.78201817526文件,将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora           //定位寻找目标文件
/var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526               //目标文件
/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora
/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/
[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls
init.ora.78201817526
[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526  /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
[oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora    //将目标文件改成所需文件名

进入到Oracle SQL命令行中,执行startup

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup                                         //启动数据库实例
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes
Variable Size             494929912 bytes
Database Buffers          339738624 bytes
Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

**** 参考文章:

https://blog.csdn.net/JIANG123456T/article/details/77745892 

https://blog.csdn.net/zxx2403/article/details/46594597

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