MacOS設定網路教學
- Guanhui轉載
- 2020-05-12 11:02:376157瀏覽
1、IP位址設定
手動指定IP
以下3個指令都可以完成IP位址的設定：
- ifconfig interface [address_family] [address [netmask]]
- ipconfig set interface-name (MANUAL | INFORM) ip-address subnet-mask
- networksetup -setmanual e692ecc3a0af710054154704a754983b fb7c3ed00d0ce5f01877a916db4eae14 d49ef5ea7ae40cb1f1b75ab8f1edb7fe 86f9e6aaeb92355ca69f3c4206d9f665手動指定IP範例：
macbook$ sudo ifconfig en0 inet 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0macbook$ sudo ipconfig set en0 MANUAL 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0macbook$ sudo networksetup -setmanual Wi-Fi 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
注意：ifconfig和ipconfig都是指定網路口設備名稱，而networksetup要求使用MacOS為網口設定的別名（所謂「network service」）來指定網路埠。
使用DHCP設定IP
可以使用以下2個指令來重新取得DHCP設定：- ipconfig set interface-name ( DHCP | BOOTP)- networksetup -setdhcp e692ecc3a0af710054154704a754983b使用DHCP動態取得IP位址範例：
macbook$ ipconfig set en0 DHCPmacbook$ networksetup -setdhcp Wi-Fi
注意：ifconfig和ipconfig都是指定網口設備名稱，而networksetup要求使用MacOS為網口設定的別名（所謂「network service」）來指定網路埠。
設定預設閘道
可以使用下列指令設定預設閘道：- networksetup -setmanual e692ecc3a0af710054154704a754983b fb7c3ed00d0ce5f01877a916db4eae14 d49ef5ea7ae40cb1f1b75ab8f1edb7fe 86f9e6aaeb92355ca69f3c4206d9f665- route [add | change ] default 8dada1c8e7a1fe49d7f6734ca95421b4- route [add | change ] -net 0.0.0.0 8dada1c8e7a1fe49d7f6734ca95421b4預設閘道設定範例：macbook$ sudo networksetup -setmanual Wi-Fi 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1以下兩個指令等價:
macbook$ sudo route add default 192.168.1.1 macbook$ sudo route add -net 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1如果已存在預設路由，你可能需要先刪除現有預設路由，然後再新增預設路由：
macbook$ sudo route delete default macbook$ sudo route add default 192.168.1.1或你也可以取代現有預設路由：
macbook$ sudo route change default 192.168.1.1
#新增靜態路由
可以使用下列指令新增路由:macbook$ sudo route [-n] [add | delete | change] [-net | -host] [-ifscope boundif] destination gateway [netmask]首先查看目前路由表：
macbook$ netstat -nr Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.1.1 UGSc 21 5 en0 127 127.0.0.1 UCS 0 0 lo0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 1 1699 lo0 169.254 link#4 UCS 0 0 en0 169.254 link#6 UCSI 1 0 en6 169.254.89.143/32 link#6 UCS 0 0 en6 192.168.1 link#4 UCS 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1/32 link#4 UCS 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1 f4:ec:38:1e:ea:52 UHLWIir 19 224 en0 887 192.168.1.101/32 link#4 UCS 1 0 en0 192.168.1.101 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd UHLWIi 1 4 lo0 192.168.1.104 7c:b2:32:70:33:5c UHLWI 0 2 en0 1053 224.0.0/4 link#4 UmCS 2 0 en0 224.0.0/4 link#6 UmCSI 0 0 en6 224.0.0.251 1:0:5e:0:0:fb UHmLWI 0 0 en0 239.255.255.250 1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa UHmLWI 0 3 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#4 UCS 0 0 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#6 UCSI 0 0 en6 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire default fe80::%utun1 UGcI utun1 ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f::/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 Uc utun0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f:f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70 link#10 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 UcI lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#1 UHLI lo0 fe80::%en0/64 link#4 UCI en0 fe80::ca3:96a0:7113:b973%en0 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd UHLI lo0 fe80::%en6/64 link#6 UCI en6 fe80::c02:7c0f:52a1:d528%en6 ff:fa:0:0:78:86 UHLI lo0 fe80::%awdl0/64 link#8 UCI awdl0 fe80::e00e:6dff:fef9:e630%awdl0 e2:e:6d:f9:e6:30 UHLI lo0 fe80::%utun0/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UcI utun0 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 link#10 UHLI lo0 fe80::%utun1/64 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 UcI utun1 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 link#11 UHLI lo0 ff01::%lo0/32 ::1 UmCI lo0 ff01::%en0/32 link#4 UmCI en0 ff01::%en6/32 link#6 UmCI en6 ff01::%awdl0/32 link#8 UmCI awdl0 ff01::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI utun0 ff01::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 UmCI utun1 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 UmCI lo0 ff02::%en0/32 link#4 UmCI en0 ff02::%en6/32 link#6 UmCI en6 ff02::%awdl0/32 link#8 UmCI awdl0 ff02::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI utun0 ff02::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 UmCI utun1方法1：新增路由:
macbook$ sudo route add -net 10.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 Password: add net 10.1.1.1: gateway 192.168.1.1查看目前路由表:
macbook$ netstat -nr Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.1.1 UGSc 23 5 en0 10.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 UGSc 0 0 en0 127 127.0.0.1 UCS 0 0 lo0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 1 1699 lo0 169.254 link#4 UCS 0 0 en0 169.254 link#6 UCSI 1 0 en6 169.254.89.143/32 link#6 UCS 0 0 en6 192.168.1 link#4 UCS 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1/32 link#4 UCS 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1 f4:ec:38:1e:ea:52 UHLWIir 22 210 en0 1000 192.168.1.101/32 link#4 UCS 1 0 en0 192.168.1.101 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd UHLWI 0 4 lo0 192.168.1.104 7c:b2:32:70:33:5c UHLWIi 1 2 en0 1166 224.0.0/4 link#4 UmCS 2 0 en0 224.0.0/4 link#6 UmCSI 0 0 en6 224.0.0.251 1:0:5e:0:0:fb UHmLWI 0 0 en0 239.255.255.250 1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa UHmLWI 0 3 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#4 UCS 0 0 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#6 UCSI 0 0 en6 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire default fe80::%utun1 UGcI utun1 ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f::/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 Uc utun0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f:f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70 link#10 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 UcI lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#1 UHLI lo0 fe80::%en0/64 link#4 UCI en0 fe80::ca3:96a0:7113:b973%en0 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd UHLI lo0 fe80::%en6/64 link#6 UCI en6 fe80::c02:7c0f:52a1:d528%en6 ff:fa:0:0:78:86 UHLI lo0 fe80::%awdl0/64 link#8 UCI awdl0 fe80::e00e:6dff:fef9:e630%awdl0 e2:e:6d:f9:e6:30 UHLI lo0 fe80::%utun0/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UcI utun0 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 link#10 UHLI lo0 fe80::%utun1/64 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 UcI utun1 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 link#11 UHLI lo0 ff01::%lo0/32 ::1 UmCI lo0 ff01::%en0/32 link#4 UmCI en0 ff01::%en6/32 link#6 UmCI en6 ff01::%awdl0/32 link#8 UmCI awdl0 ff01::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI utun0 ff01::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 UmCI utun1 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 UmCI lo0 ff02::%en0/32 link#4 UmCI en0 ff02::%en6/32 link#6 UmCI en6 ff02::%awdl0/32 link#8 UmCI awdl0 ff02::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI utun0 ff02::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 UmCI utun1方法二:新增路由:macbook$ sudo route add -net 10.1.1.2 -netmask 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1add net 10.1.1.2: gateway 192.168.#add net 10.1.1.2: gateway 192.168.1add net 10.1.1.2: 192.168.11111192.#111111192.#111111192.#111111192.#111111192.#211111111192.#21111132. ##
macbook$ netstat -nr Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default 192.168.1.1 UGSc 21 5 en0 10.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 UGSc 0 0 en0 10.1.1.2/32 192.168.1.1 UGSc 0 0 en0 127 127.0.0.1 UCS 0 0 lo0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 1 1699 lo0 169.254 link#4 UCS 0 0 en0 169.254 link#6 UCSI 1 0 en6 169.254.89.143/32 link#6 UCS 0 0 en6 192.168.1 link#4 UCS 2 0 en0 192.168.1.1/32 link#4 UCS 1 0 en0 192.168.1.1 f4:ec:38:1e:ea:52 UHLWIir 21 224 en0 962 192.168.1.101/32 link#4 UCS 1 0 en0 192.168.1.101 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd UHLWI 0 4 lo0 192.168.1.104 7c:b2:32:70:33:5c UHLWI 0 2 en0 1128 224.0.0/4 link#4 UmCS 2 0 en0 224.0.0/4 link#6 UmCSI 0 0 en6 224.0.0.251 1:0:5e:0:0:fb UHmLWI 0 0 en0 239.255.255.250 1:0:5e:7f:ff:fa UHmLWI 0 3 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#4 UCS 0 0 en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#6 UCSI 0 0 en6 Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire default fe80::%utun1 UGcI utun1 ::1 ::1 UHL lo0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f::/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 Uc utun0 fdf7:a4c1:cda:e04f:f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70 link#10 UHL lo0 fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 UcI lo0 fe80::1%lo0 link#1 UHLI lo0 fe80::%en0/64 link#4 UCI en0 fe80::ca3:96a0:7113:b973%en0 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd UHLI lo0 fe80::%en6/64 link#6 UCI en6 fe80::c02:7c0f:52a1:d528%en6 ff:fa:0:0:78:86 UHLI lo0 fe80::%awdl0/64 link#8 UCI awdl0 fe80::e00e:6dff:fef9:e630%awdl0 e2:e:6d:f9:e6:30 UHLI lo0 fe80::%utun0/64 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UcI utun0 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 link#10 UHLI lo0 fe80::%utun1/64 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 UcI utun1 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 link#11 UHLI lo0 ff01::%lo0/32 ::1 UmCI lo0 ff01::%en0/32 link#4 UmCI en0 ff01::%en6/32 link#6 UmCI en6 ff01::%awdl0/32 link#8 UmCI awdl0 ff01::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI utun0 ff01::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 UmCI utun1 ff02::%lo0/32 ::1 UmCI lo0 ff02::%en0/32 link#4 UmCI en0 ff02::%en6/32 link#6 UmCI en6 ff02::%awdl0/32 link#8 UmCI awdl0 ff02::%utun0/32 fe80::f4d3:8e83:6ac7:4c70%utun0 UmCI utun0 ff02::%utun1/32 fe80::593a:c424:495:3b05%utun1 UmCI utun1
2、設定DNS
#指定DNS伺服器
##設定指令:macbook$ networksetup -setdnsservers範例:[dns2] [...]
macbook$ sudo networksetup -setdnsservers Wi-Fi 114.114.114.114 114.114.114.115不指定DNS位址參數時，清空設定DNS伺服器:
macbook$ sudo networksetup -setdnsservers Wi-Fi
查看目前設定的DNS伺服器
方法一：查看手動指定的DNS伺服器位址指令:macbook$ networksetup -getdnsservers e692ecc3a0af710054154704a754983b注意：此指令只能檢視手動指定的DNS伺服器位址，無法查看到DHCP取得的DNS位址！範例：
macbook$ sudo networksetup -getdnsservers Wi-Fi方法二: 查看由DHCP設定的DNS位址指令：
macbook$ ipconfig getpacket interface-name此指令用以檢視從DHCP獲得的相關網路配置訊息，同時也包含DNS配置資訊！ 範例：
macbook$ sudo ipconfig getpacket en0
Password:
op = BOOTREPLY
htype = 1
flags = 0
hlen = 6
hops = 0
xid = 0x1da0b2e6
secs = 0
ciaddr = 0.0.0.0
yiaddr = 192.168.1.101
siaddr = 0.0.0.0
giaddr = 0.0.0.0
chaddr = 48:d7:5:cb:7d:bd
sname =
file =
options:
Options count is 7
dhcp_message_type (uint8): ACK 0x5
server_identifier (ip): 192.168.1.1
lease_time (uint32): 0xffffffff
subnet_mask (ip): 255.255.255.0
router (ip_mult): {192.168.1.1}
domain_name_server (ip_mult): {114.114.114.114, 114.114.115.115}
end (none):3、清除DNS快取
OS X 10.9 (Mavericks):macbook$ dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponderOS X 10.10 ( Yosemite):
macbook$ sudo discoveryutil udnsflushcachesVersions 10.10.4 :
macbook$ sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponderOS X 10.11 (El Capitan) and OS X 10.12 (Sierra):
macbook$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponderOS X 10.12.4:
macbook$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder; sudo killall mDNSResponderHelper; sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;推薦教學：《
MacOS教學》
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